2nd Semester - Muscles in the Human Biology

Question 1

Extend the hip and flex the knee. They also help stabilize the knee and hip joints during walking.

Answer 1

Hamstring

Question 2

The _ muscles are a group of three muscles that run down the back of the thigh from the hip to the lower leg. They are responsible for extending the leg and bending the knee

Answer 2

Hamstring

Question 3

Three hamstring muscles:

Answer 3

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

Question 4

Flexes the knee, extends the thigh, and rotates the lower leg

Answer 4

Biceps femoris

Question 5

Flexes the knee, extends the thigh, and rotates the hip and lower leg

Answer 5

Semimembranosus

Question 6

Functions similarly to the semimembranosus

Answer 6

Semitendinosus

Question 7

_ or _ the hamstrings can cause injury

Answer 7

Stretching or overloading

Question 8

Mild strains can be treated with _ and _

Answer 8

rest; over-the-counter pain medication

Question 9

_ can help loosen the hamstrings

Answer 9

Massage therapy

Question 10

_ can help with tight hamstrings

Answer 10

Physical therapy

Question 11

_ can reduce inflammation and pain

Answer 11

Hot or cold packs

Question 12

Extend the leg at the knee and flex the thigh at the hip. They also help stabilize the knee.

Answer 12

Quadriceps

Question 13

The quadriceps are a group of four muscles in the front of the thigh that extend the leg. They are some of the body’s largest and strongest muscle.

What are those four muscles?

Answer 13

rectus fermosis
vastus laterasis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis

Question 14

The quadriceps femoris is a _ and _.

Answer 14

hip flexor and a knee extensor

Question 15

They form the main bulk of the thigh, and collectively are one of the most powerful muscles in the body. It is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 15

Quadriceps

Question 16

A muscle serving to bend a body part (as a limb)

Answer 16

Flexor

Question 17

A muscle serving to extend a body part (as a leg or body arm)

Answer 17

Extensor

Question 18

One of the four quadriceps muscles, it crosses both the hip and knee joints.

Answer 18

Rectus fermosis

Question 19

Located on the lateral side of the thigh, it helps extend the knee.

Answer 19

Vastus laterasis

Question 20

Located deep and intermediately to the other two vastus muscles, it helps extend the knee

Answer 20

Vastus intermedius

Question 21

Also known as the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), it helps extend the knee and stabilize the kneecap

Answer 21

Vastus medialis

Question 22

The quadriceps help with movements such as ,,,.

Answer 22

walking, running, squatting, and jumping

Question 23

Quadriceps connect to the _ via the quadriceps tendon.

Answer 23

patella

Question 24

_ are an exercise that primarily target the quadriceps

Answer 24

Lunges

Question 25

Involved in walking and posture. They affect the lower limb, hip, and lumbar area.

Answer 25

Gastrocnemius

Question 26

Gastrocnemius was derived from the Greek words “_”, meaning stomach or belly, and “_”, meaning leg

Answer 26

gaster;

Question 27

The _ muscle is a complex muscle that is fundamentally involved in walking and posture. It affects the entire lower limb and the movement of the hip and the lumbar area.

Answer 27

gastrocnemius

Question 28

It is a muscular district called to work during daily and sports activities and maintain _. It is the medical term for an upright standing position.

Answer 28

orthostatism

Question 29

_ is a condition that causes a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up.

Answer 29

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 30

Symptoms of Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 30

Dizziness Light-headedness Fainting Confusion Blurred vision

Question 31

The gastrocnemius is a large muscle in the back of the calf that helps with _, _, and _. It's the most superficial muscle in the leg and makes up most of the calf muscle.

Answer 31

walking, posture, and running

Question 32

Where is the gastrocnemius located?

Answer 32

Located in the back of the lower leg, just under the skin

Question 33

How many heads does the gastrocnemius have?

Answer 33

Has two heads that start on the inside and outside of the thighbone

Question 34

Where is the gastrocnemius attached to?

Answer 34

Attaches to the Achilles tendon

Question 35

Functions of gastrocnemius

Answer 35

Involved in walking, posture, running, and jumping • Pulls the heel up and extends the foot downward • Provides the propelling force in running and jumping

Question 36

Help move the arms in different directions and stabilize the shoulder joint. Your _ cover the top of your shoulder. They help you lift your arm to front, side and back.

Answer 36

deltoid muscles

Question 37

The ball-and-socket joint that connects your arm to the trunk of your body. Where the deltoid muscles are located.

Answer 37

Shoulders

Question 38

Deltoid muscles work alongside your other shoulder muscles, such as the _, to help you perform a variety of movements.

Answer 38

rotator cuff muscles

Question 39

Deltoid muscle functions include:

Answer 39

1. Arm abduction 2. Compensation for lost arm strength 3. Flexion 4. Stabilization of your shoulder joint

Question 40

_ which means raising your arm out to the side of your body.

Answer 40

Arm Abduction

Question 41

_ if you have an injury, such as a rotator cuff tear.

Question 42

_ (moving your arm forward, toward an overhead position) and extension (moving your arm backward, behind your body).

Answer 42

Flexion

Question 43

_ to prevent dislocations as you lift your arm or while you carry weight with your arms at your side.

Answer 43

Stabilization of shoulder joint

Question 44

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surrounds your shoulder. It holds your _ (upper arm bone) in place in its socket in your _ (shoulder blade).

Answer 44

humerus; scapula

Question 45

_ happen when something pushes the bones in your shoulder joint out of their usual place. Falls, sports injuries and car accidents are the most common causes.

Answer 45

Dislocations

Question 46

Help extend and abduct the thigh. They also help adduct, internally rotate, and externally rotate the thigh. The _ are the muscles in the buttocks that make up the gluteal region.

Answer 46

gluteal muscles

Question 47

Gluteal muscles include:

Answer 47

gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus

Question 48

• The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles • Helps maintain posture and extend the hip • A key muscle for daily activities, athletic performance, and joint stability

Answer 48

Gluteus maximus

Question 49

• The middle layer of the gluteal muscles • Helps abduct the hip • Works with the gluteus minimus to stabilize the pelvis

Answer 49

Gluteus medius

Question 50

• The smallest of the gluteal muscles • Helps abduct and internally rotate the hip

Answer 50

Gluteus minimus

Question 51

Functions of gluteal muscles

Answer 51

stabilization of pelvis and upper body hip extension locomotion abduction external rotation internal rotation of the thigh

Question 52

Gluteal muscle tears are common injuries that can cause _.

Answer 52

chronic or acute hip pain

Question 53

– develop gradually and are long-term

Answer 53

Chronic

Question 54

Examples of chronic diseases

Answer 54

diabetes heart disease arthritis cancer high blood pressure Alzheimer's disease chronic kidney disease

Question 55

_ conditions develop suddenly and are short-term

Answer 55

Acute

Question 56

Examples of acute conditions:

Answer 56

common cold flu broken bones food poisoning urinary tract infections appendicitis

Question 57

Strong gluteal muscles help with:

Answer 57

• acceleration • jumping • heavy lifting • running

Question 58

Assists in depressing the arm, extending the shoulder, and internally rotating the shoulder. A large muscle that stretches across the lower back. It's one of the body's largest muscles and is primarily responsible for movement of the upper extremities.

Answer 58

Latissimus dorsi

Question 59

Latissimus dorsi is also known as?

Answer 59

Lats

Question 60

Functions of latissimus dorsi:

Answer 60

Shoulder adduction: Draws the arm toward the body Shoulder extension: Extends the arm at the shoulder Respiratory assistance: Helps with breathing

Question 61

Location of latissimus dorsi:

Answer 61

the majority of the back and Stretches across the lower posterior thorax

Question 62

The _ is a fan-shaped muscle in the chest that makes up most of the chest muscles. It's attached to the collarbone, breastbone, and ribs.

Answer 62

Pectoralis major

Question 63

The pectoralis major's primary functions are to _ and _ the arm.

Answer 63

adduct and rotate the arm.

Question 64

The _ is a triangular-shaped muscle that lies under the pectoralis major.

Answer 64

pectoralis minor

Question 65

Where is the pectoralis minor at?

Answer 65

Under the breast tissue

Question 66

What does the Pec minor form?

Answer 66

The anterior of the wall of the axilla

Question 67

Functions of pec minor:

Answer 67

1. Adducts and internally rotates the humerus, 2. Assists in shoulder flexion, 3. Depresses the arm, 4. Rotates the arm forward

Question 68

Two heads of pec minor:

Answer 68

1. clavicular head 2. sternal head

Question 69

Difference between clavicular head and sternal head

Answer 69

The sternocostal head is larger than the clavicular head

Question 70

– is when you move a limb/body part towards the center of the body Examples: clasping our hands together; squeezing your legs together by adducting your hips; tracking your elbows toward your torso during a pull-up

Answer 70

Adduction

Question 71

_ – the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body Examples: waving goodbye by moving your hand away from your body’s midline; raising your arms out to the sides of your body; moving your leg laterally away from your body’s center; spreading your fingers out

Answer 71

Abduction

Question 72

The _ muscles are a large muscle group on the front of the upper arm that flex the elbow and rotate the forearm.

Answer 72

biceps

Question 73

The _ is the Latin name for the biceps muscles, which means "_".

Answer 73

biceps brachii; two-headed muscle of the arm

Question 74

Exercises for biceps

Answer 74

1. Hammer curls: 2. High cable bicep curls: 3. Preacher curls: 4. EZ-bar curls: 5. Concentration curls: 6. Wide-grip barbell curls:

Question 75

Difference between cardiac and smooth muscle

Answer 75

Cardiac muscle propels blood, while smooth muscle shortens and propels contents across organ systems

Question 76

What is the strongest bone in the body?

Answer 76

Masseter

Question 77

The masseter runs from the _ bone (that forms part of the sides and base of the skull) to the _ (the mandible). It lifts the lower jaw, to close the mouth.

Answer 77

temporal; lower jaw

Question 78

The _ helps close the mouth.

Answer 78

temporalis