2nd Notes Flashcards
It maintains that criminal behavior was believed to be the result of evil spirits and demons something of natural force that controls his/her behavior
Demonological Theory
This school of thought is based on the assumption that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions
Classical School
Purpose of imposing punishment in classical School
Retribution
Italian philosopher and politician best known for his treatise “Del Delitti e Delle Pene” or On Crimes and Punishments” in 1764,which condemned torture and the death penalty and was a founding work in the field of criminology.
Cesare Beccaria
According to him, Man is fundamentally a biological organism with intelligence and rationality that control his behavior
Cesare Beccaria
Beccaria’s calls for judicial reform resulted in the _________ becoming the first Italian state to abolish the death penalty
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany
He advocated utilitarianism and fair treatment of animals that influenced the development of liberalism.
Jeremy Bentham
assumes that all our actions are calculated in accordance with their likelihood of bringing pleasure and pain
Utilitarianism
He designed the panopticon prison
Jeremy Bentham
an institutional building designed by Bentham and the concept of the design is to allow an observer to observe (-opticon) all (pan-) prisoners without the prisoners being able to tell if they are being observed or not, thus conveying a “sentiment of an invisible omniscience.
Panopticon Prison
He reasoned that in order to deter Individuals from committing crimes, the punishment, or pain,must be greater than the satisfaction or pleasure he would gain from commiting the Crime
Jeremy Bentham
This school accepted the fact that crime is committed in accordance with the free will of man BUT the act of committing a crime is modified by some causes that finally prevail upon the person to commit crimes
Neo - Classical School
Father of Sociology
August Comte
Those who follow the work of August Comte are called______
The Positivist
the first to claim the importance of looking at individual difference among criminals
Positive theorists
This school of thought presumes that criminal behavior is caused by internal and external factors outside of the individual’s control
Positivist or Italian School
Positivism can be broken up into three segments which include:______,_______,_______
Biological Positivism
Psychological Positivism
Social Positivism
It includes the study of the following theories in relation to criminality: criminal anthropology, phrenology, physiognomy, heredity and other similar theories
Biological Positivism
It relates criminality through the study of the following theories: psychodynamics/psychoanalytical theory, behavioral learning theories, and cognitive learning theories
Psychological Positivism
It relates criminality through the study of the following theories: social disorganization theory, Chicago School theory and anomie theory.
Social Positivism
He was an Italian criminologist and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology.
Cesare Lombroso
Father of Criminology
Cesare Lombroso
He believed that criminality was inherited and that criminals could be identified by physical defects that confirmed them as being atavistic or savage
Cesare Lombroso
Year when Lombroso wrote a book entitled “The Criminal Man”
1876
He claimed that criminals are distinguishable from non-criminals due to the presence of atavistic stigmata
Cesare Lombroso
the physical features of creatures at an earlier stage of development.
Atavistic Stigmata (Atavistic Anomalies)
FOUR CATEGORIES OF CRIMINALS (According to Lombroso)
- Born Criminals
- Insane Criminals
- Occasional criminals or Criminaloids
- Criminal of passion
According to Lombroso, they are people with atavistic characteristics
Born Criminals
According to Lombroso, this criminals include idiots, imbeciles, and paranoiacs as well as epileptics and alcoholics.
Insane Criminals
These are criminals whose crimes are explained primarily by opportunity, although they have too innate traits that predispose them to criminality
Occasional Criminals or Criminaloids
This criminals who commit crimes because of anger, love and honor and are characterized by being propelled to crime by an “irresistible force
Criminal of Passion
Believed that social as well as biological factors played a role, and held the view that criminals should not be held responsible for the factors causing their criminality were beyond their control.
Enrico Ferri
He argued that criminal behavior could be explained by studying the interaction of a range of factors
Enrico Ferri
He argued that crime could be controlled by “social changes.”
Enrico Ferri
He traced the roots of criminal behavior not on physical features but in their psychological equivalents which he called “moral anomalies”
Raffaele Garofalo
_________ remembered for his pursuit of practical solutions to concrete problems located in the legal institutions and for his doctrine of “natural crimes” and were considered offenses violating the two basic altruistic sentiments common to all people. namely, probity and pity
Raffaele Garofalo
TYPES OF CRIMINAL by Garofalo
- Murderer
- Violent Criminals
- Deficient Criminals
- Lascivious Criminals
This refers to a criminal who kills another person and is satisfied from vengeance or revenge
Murderer
This type of criminal totally lacks both pity and probity and kill whenever opportunity arises
Murderer
This criminal lacks pity and can be influenced by environmental factors such as consumption of alcohol or the fact that criminality is endemic to criminal s particular population.
Violent Criminals
It refers to a person who commits crime against property like thieves and robbers.
Deficient Criminals
It refers to a person who commits crime against chastity like acts of lasciviousness, seduction, adultery and the like.
Lascivious Criminals
