2nd Grading Exam Reviewer MUSIC Flashcards
Its history can be traced during the European colonization and slave trade in Africa.
history of Afro-Latin American music
Comprised of different regions such as the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Central and South Americas which are of diversified cultures of the Europeans, Moors, Mexicans, and other tribes in Africa.
Latin America
Latin America is comprised of different regions such as the?
- Caribbean Islands
- Mexico
- Central and South Americas
Latin America is comprised of different regions such as the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Central and South Americas which are of diversified cultures of the which are of diversified cultures of the?
- Europeans
- Moors
- Mexicans
- other tribes in Africa
European countries contributed religions and languages like _ and _.
Spanish and Portuguese
Their music is identified by their rhythms, which they adapted from from the elements of Moorish music and other African and Caribbean music in the slave trade from?
1550 to 1880
In 1776, they were prohibited from playing drums, but in the Congo Square in New Orleans, Caribbean slaves were free to play their drums for recreation and entertainment and also for communication.
enslaved Moors of North America
These were their “_” drums, so-called because they can somewhat imitate the human voice, relaying current and timeless messages which are their history, struggle, and revolting joy. All of these were performed by replaying the traditional rhythms of Moorish and African music through drum beats.
talking
By the _ and _ centuries, African music started through the spread, development, and canonizing of rhythm in the Caribbean, and during this period another art containing a rich mix of musical cultures was born in North America.
18th and 19th centuries
By the 18th and 19th centuries, African music started through the spread, development, and canonizing of rhythm in the Caribbean, and during this period another art containing a rich mix of musical cultures was born in North America.
It included the incorporation of _ and _ from Africa, and the use of _ from India, in combination with the harmony, instruments, and musical syncopation which was called jazz.
drums and rhythms - Africa
cymbals - India
The combination of the harmony, instruments, and musical syncopation.
jazz
This developed a unique musical culture in Caribbean countries, and its influences incule Latin rhythms and dances like:
- habanera and bolero in Cuba
- samba and bossa nova in Brazil
- tango in Argentina
This is the reason for the existence of rich music and dance-like:
- jazz
- tango
- cha-cha
- rumba
- foxtrot
- paso doble
Characteristics of Afro-Latin American music.
- Conversation (Call and Response)
- Improvisation
- voice as an instrument
- instrument as a voice
A performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant.
Conversation (Call and Response)
Nonscripted ways of singing which allow for sincere conversations. It is a framework where the artist has freedom in creating the musical mood.
Improvisation
It is the manipulation of freely controlled piece where they can change the tone of voice, its tempo, creation of moods, and even changing the range and voice power.
The voice as an instrument.
The instrument serves as a “singer” along with the performer.
The instrument as a voice.
A rich and diverse cultural heritage that exists in hundreds of different languages.
African music
The music in Africa always has the technique of _ in which a person leads by singing a phrase and followed and answered by a group of singers.
The music in Africa always has the technique of _ in which a person leads by singing a phrase and followed and answered by a group of singers.
call and response
The ceremony of the Coronation of the Black Kings in 1674 in Recife. This coronation of a king in Congo happened when the Portuguese who were still the ruling government in Brazil, was about to dedicate a king who will represent the African slaves to their masters.
Maracatu
Each king is a representative of a nation or tribe. This designation of the king is called?
Maracatu Nação
The rhythmic pattern used in Maracatu.
baque or toque
Baque or Toque uses _, which is the singing part of maracatu. It begins with singing a song by the leader and with a response in chorus by the subordinates.
Toada
Other vocal forms of African music.
Blues, Soul, Spiritual, Call and Response
A gloomy folk music of African American origin, which is naturally in a twelve-bar order. This was developed in rural areas in the United States by the end of the 19th century and became popular upon the migration of the African Americans in the cities in the 1940s. This urban blues gave birth to rock and roll, and rhythm and blues.
Blues
A kind of music that combines the basics of rhythm and blues and gospel music, which was popularized by the African Americans. It is characterized by vocal emphasis and an emotional and improvised delivery. The performers associated with this kind of music are:
- Aretha Franklin
- Marvin Gaye
- Otis Redding
- James Brown
Soul
This kind of music always has a Christian or religious theme. It is monophonic in nature and in acapella which is the origin of the blues. A _ song provides comfort and eases the boredom from one’s daily activities. They are an expression of _ devotion and a desire for freedom from bondage.
Spiritual
This is a sequence of two different phrases usually played by two or more musicians. It is a direct response from the first phrase or a commentary response.
The rhythm and styles of _ are influenced by the United States and other countries in Europe like Spain and Portugal.
Latin music is the combination of four musical elements:
musical styles, cultural backgrounds, language, geography
A dual-headed drum made from a deep tree trunk with patches made up of calf or goat skin it is played by using two sticks.
Bombo
A rattle made up of dried hooves from sheep, llama, or goat and is worn with a wrist cloth bracelet.
Chajchas
A panpipe-type of reed made of pieces of bamboo that are tied together.
Zampoñas
A 10-string guitar made from shell of an armadillo.
Charango
A flute made of bones or bamboo that has a vertical notched reed.
Quena
A rectangular box made of wood and played and used as a drum. It is used by tapping its front part while the musician sits on it.
Quena
Cajon is also known as?
beatbox
Made of instruments made of gourd-like coconut shells with beans, seeds, or small pebbles placed inside; they are played by shaking.
Maracas
A pair of hardwood sticks played by striking them together.
Claves
Vocal and dance forms of Latin America.
Cumbia, Tango, Cha-cha, Bossa Nova, Paso Doble, Reggae, Rumba, Foxtrot
A type of dance and music similar to salsa and uses instruments like accordions, guitars, and percussions.
Cumbia
A lively and spirited dance of two people. It is a passionate kind of dance that shows expression and connection, and is performed in a traditional or modern style.
Tango
A Latin American ballroom dance with a fast basic pattern of three steps with a shuffle. It also has a fast rhythmic pattern.
Cha-cha
A style of music that was derived from samba, which is an original Brazilian music. It gives more emphasis on percussion and melody.
Bossa Nova
Spain’s traditional couple dance. It uses music that is traditionally played in bull fighting.
Paso Doble
A Jamaican form of music and dance with strong accented and supplementary beats. In the 1960s, it was known as the “ska” and is a variation of rhythm and blues.
Reggae
The most popular artist of Reggae.
Bob Marley
A kind of song and dance originated from Cuba. It has a percussive rhythm and a combination of Cuba’s musical and dance traditions.
Rumba
A ballroom dance of two quick slow steps and two quick steps and is executed alternately in 4/4 time signature.
Foxtrot
A type of music of African American origin that started in the early 20th century with syncopated beats, improvised sounds, and a regular and forceful rhythmic pattern.
The instruments commonly used in this are woodwind instruments, piano, and brass instruments.
Sometimes, it uses guitar and violin for swing, jazz, bebop, and Dixieland.
Jazz
Different types of jazz music:
- Ragtime
- Big band
- Bebop
- Jazz rock
A popular American music in 1890 until 1915; it has a steady syncopation and melody with two-four time signature.
Ragtime
A popular American music in 1890 until 1915; it has a steady syncopation and melody with two-four time signature.
Ragtime
One of the popular musical trends produced by African Americans in the United States of America is the ragtime. This type became popular in the late 19th century. It commonly uses ragged rhythm, which is syncopated in beat and also performed in a larger group. Ragtime artists use an occasional harmony and note that we call blues.
Big band
Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker introduced this kind of musical genre in the 1940s.
It is performed in a smaller group rather than a larger ensemble of musicians. The focus of this kind of music is for the solo musician to show brilliance and harmonic knowledge. _ replaced jazz in popularity and pushed it into more knowledgeable tone to capture audience interest. This marked the start of transition from pop music to music as an art.
Bebop
Sometimes called “jazz fusion”. It is the music that is produced when funk and R&B are combined. It was very popular in the late 1960s till early 70s. Jazz musicians are well-known to be highly talented in improvising and modifying techniques in playing musical instruments. The musical instruments that are commonly used for this type of music are wind and brass instruments.
Jazz rock
_ or “pop music” is an ample and imprecise category of modern music not defined by artistic considerations but by its potential audience or prospective market. It belongs to a variety of genres distributed to a number of audiences through the music industry. _ is commonly preferred by a certain group of people. Age bracket and location are some of the factors that determine what type of music is popular among certain people. Some people could choose jazz, pop, rock, or soul, depending on their preference. Pop music is composed with the deliberate intent to appeal to the majority of its contemporaries.
Popular modern music
Different types of popular music:
- Ballad
- Rock and roll
- Alternative music
- Disco
A light, simple narrative poem of folk origin, composed of short stanzas and adapted for singing. It is a simple song, especially one of sentimental or romantic character, having two or more stanzas all sang to the same melody.
One example is the song composed by the Neocolours band, “Maybe”. Our very own Martin Nievera is well-known for his ballads such as “Ikaw ang Lahat sa Akin,” “Be My Lady,” and “Each Day with You.”
Ballad
Started with pride in 1950s, the characteristics of which are simple melodies with accented beats. Considered a combination of white country music, rhythm, and blues and it is of “twelve-bar structure” with music of guitar, drums, and bass.
One best example is the “Jail House Rock” sang and performed by the “King of Rock and Roll” Elvis Presley. Here in our country, we have Ramon “RJ” Jacinto, a guitarist, singer, composer, and Filipino music icon.
Rock and roll
Started in the 1980s and early 1990s. It is a do-it-yourself type of music of different musical bands. Its definition refers to its distinction from typical rock music, which is expressed by distorting the guitar sound in a different and defiant attitude.
Alternative music
The two most popular bands of Alternative music.
R.E.M. and Nirvana (famous for its frontman, Kurt Cobain)
The word “disco” is derived from the word _ which refers to nightclubs people frequent in the 1960s and 1970s.
discotheque
Music for dancing or for encouraging to dance. Usually played and enjoyed in nightclubs where songs are mixed by DJs.
“Get Down Tonight” by KC and The Sunshine Band.
In the 1980s, the group VST & Co. of Manila gave rise to the golden age of _ in the Philippines.
Disco music
Music for dancing or for encouraging to dance. Usually played and enjoyed in nightclubs where songs are mixed by DJs.
“Get Down Tonight” by KC and The Sunshine Band.
In the 1980s, the group VST & Co. of Manila gave rise to the golden age of _ in the Philippines.
Disco music
