2nd Book, Chapter 3

Question 1

Chlorophyll

Answer 1

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

Sunlight provides the energy for food

Question 3

Tissues

Answer 3

Groups of similar cells that preform a specific function in an organism

Question 4

Chloroplasts

Answer 4

Structures in which food is made

Question 5

Vacuole

Answer 5

A large storage sac that storages many substances

Question 6

Cuticle

Answer 6

A waxy, water prof layer

Question 7

Vascular tissue

Answer 7

A system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, minerals, and food move

Question 8

Nonvascular plants

Answer 8

Low-growing, have thin cell walls, and do not have roots for absorbing water from the ground

Question 9

Rhizoids

Answer 9

Thin rootlike structures that anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients

Question 10

Vascular plants

Answer 10

Plants with true vascular tissues

Question 11

Phloem

Answer 11

The vascular tissues through which food moves

Question 12

Xylem

Answer 12

A vascular tissues in which water and minerals move through

Question 13

Fronds

Answer 13

A fern’s leaves

Question 14

Pollen

Answer 14

Tiny structures that contains the cells that will later become sperm eggs

Question 15

Seed

Answer 15

A structure that contains a young plant with a protective covering

Question 16

Gymnosperm

Answer 16

A seed that produces naked seeds

Question 17

Angiosperms

Answer 17

Produce flowers and produce seeds with enclosed fruits

Question 18

Cotyledon

Answer 18

Seed leaf

Question 19

Monocots

Answer 19

Angiosperm yah have only one seed leaf

Question 20

Dicots

Answer 20

Produce seeds with two leafs

Question 21

Root cap

Answer 21

Helps protect the roots when they grow through the soil

Question 22

Cambium

Answer 22

Divides to produce a new phloem and xylem

Question 23

Stomata

Answer 23

Open and close to control when gases enter and leave the leaf

Question 24

Transpiration

Answer 24

The process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves

Question 25

Embryo

Answer 25

A young plant that developed from the zygote, or fertilized egg

Question 26

Germination

Answer 26

Occurs when the embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of the seed

Question 27

Flower

Answer 27

Reproductive structure of an angiosperm

Question 28

Pollination

Answer 28

The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures

Question 29

Sepals

Answer 29

Protect the developing flower and are often green in color

Question 30

Stamens

Answer 30

Male reproductive parts

Question 31

Pistils

Answer 31

The Female parts

Question 32

Ovary

Answer 32

Protects the seeds as they developed

Question 33

Sporophyte

Answer 33

One of the plants stages. It’s when the plant produces spores

Question 34

Gametophyte

Answer 34

Spore develops in this stage. The plant then produces sex cells

Question 35

Annuals

Answer 35

Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within one growing season

Question 36

Biennials

Answer 36

Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years

Question 37

Perennials

Answer 37

Flowering plants that live for more than 2 years

Question 38

Fertilization

Answer 38

Occurs when sperm cell unites with egg cell

Question 39

Zygote

Answer 39

Fertilized egg

Question 40

Cones

Answer 40

Most gymnosperms reproductive structures

Question 41

Ovule

Answer 41

A structure that contains an egg cell

Question 42

Fruit

Answer 42

Ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds

Question 43

Tropism

Answer 43

A stimulus a plant’s growth responses toward or away from

Question 44

Hormone

Answer 44

Produced by a plant’s chemical that affects how the plant grows

Question 45

Auxin

Answer 45

Speeds up rate at which a plant’s cells grow and controls a plant’s response to life

Question 46

Photoperiodism

Answer 46

A plant’s response to seasonal changes in the length of night and day

Question 47

Critical night length

Answer 47

Length that is the number of hours of darkness that determines whether or not a plant will flower

Question 48

Short-day plants

Answer 48

Flower when the nights are longer than a critical length

Question 49

Long-day plants

Answer 49

Flower when nights are shorter than a critical length

Question 50

Day-neutral plants

Answer 50

Have a flowering cycle that is not sensitive to periods of light and dark

Question 51

Dormancy

Answer 51

A period when an organism’s growth or activity stops

Question 52

Peat

Answer 52

A blackish brown material that used to be mosses