2multivar Flashcards

1
Q

Longitudinal design

A

A study in which the same variables are measured in the same people at different points in time. E.g., Eron and colleagues’ (1972): Measured children children s aggression and interest in violent ’s aggression and interest in violent television programs in the same group of people across time-10 years apart

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2
Q

Cross-sectional correlations:

A

: In a longitudinal design, a correlation between two variables that are measured at the same time. (like those taken at the beginning at of the study, then at the end)

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3
Q

Autocorrelation:

A

The correlation of one variable with itself, measured at two different times.

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4
Q

Cross-lag correlations:

A

i.e. TvViolence2001 w/ Aggression2011In a longitudinal design, a correlation between an earlier measure of one variable and a later measure of another variable. Addresses the directionality problem and help establish temporal precedence

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5
Q

Longitudinal Design and 3 Prereqs for Causation

A

Covariance: Significant relationships in longitudinal designs help establish covariance.  Temporal precedence: A longitudinal design can help researchers make inferences about temporal precedence.  Wh en one cross-lag correlation is stronger, this helps todetermine which variable comes first. Internal validity: When conducted simply longitudinal studies do not help us rule out third variables.

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6
Q

Longitudinal Designs: How structure so that can find causation

A

Careful researchers may g be able to design their studies or conduct the subsequent analyses in ways that address some third variables. E.g., Eron and his colleagues studied boys and girls separately; they found that a preference for violent TV predicts aggression for boys but not for girls. Rules out gender as a third variable; gender moderates the effects of TV preference on violence.

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7
Q

Why not just do an experiment (instead of a longitudinal study)?

A

.Exp best way to confirm/disconfirm causal claims.But, many cases ppl can’t be randomly assigned or it would be unethical.So longitudinal design becomes a good option

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8
Q

 Multiple regression (or multivariate regression):

A

A statistical technique used to test for the influence of third variables.-rule out third variables and address questions of internal validity-ex: more recess and less behavior problems-possible third variables: class size, private schools, income, etc

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9
Q

Criterion Variable

A

The variable in a multiple regression that the researchers are most interested in understanding or predicting.  May also be called the dependent variable.

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10
Q

Predictor Variable

A

Predictor variable: A variable in an analysis using multiple regression that is used to explain variance in the dependent or criterion vari bl ae. May also be called the independent variable.

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11
Q

Beta?

A

positive B indicates positive relationship btw specific predictor variable and DV, when other variables are statistically controlled forneg B indicates neg relationship two variables when other predictors are statistically controlled for-betas change depending on what other predictor variables are being used and controlled for in the regression-can compare two Bs within same table to each other-little b shows similar associations but cannot be compared with same table to each other

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12
Q

Mediating variable (or mediator):

A

A->B(med var)->CA variable that helps explain the relationship between two other variables.Can be investigated with experiments, but mediation analyses often rely on multivariate tools such as regression analyses.mediating step between the IV and DV that causes the DV-overall relationship “c” only due to relationship “a” btw IV and mediator and relationship “b” btw mediator and DV-ex: availability of recess and behavior problems, mediator = physical activity

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13
Q

Statistical Significane of Beta

A

column labeled “sig” or “p”-tell whether each beta is statistically significantly different from zero-when B is zero, shows that the relationship is explained by another variable

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14
Q

mediator vs moderator

A

med: “why are these two variables linked?”mod: “are these two variables linked the same way for everyone, or in every situation?”

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15
Q

Third-Variable Problem

A

internal validity rule, when you can come up with an alternative explanation for the association between two variables, that alternative explanation is the third variable

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