1chp15 Flashcards

1
Q

Deontology

A

Ethics must be judged in lightof a universal moral code. Certain actions are inherently unethical, should never be performed.

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2
Q

Ethical Skepticism

A

Ethical rules are arbitrary and relative to culture and time.One should make decisions according to each person’s conscience; one should do what one thinks is right and refrain from doing what one thinks is wrong.-Research ethics can’t be imposed from the outside, mater of individual researcher’s conscience

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3
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Judgments regarding ethics of a particular action depend on the CONSEQUENCES of that action.The BENEFITS should be weighed against the COSTS.APA is essentially utilitarian!

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4
Q

Five basic benefits of behavioral research

A

-Basic knowledge-Improvement of research or assessment techniques-Practical outcomes (some studies provide direct practical benefits to improving human/animal welfare… immediately applicable)-Benefits for researchers (education, students get experience)-Benefits for research participants (research on therapy might help someone during course of study!)

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5
Q

IRB

A

Institutional Review Board-must be at every institution that conducts research and receives federal funds-must be composed of scientific/non-scientific people, and at least one person not associated with the institution

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6
Q

Six risks and ethical issues in research on human participants

A

-lack of adequate informed consent-invasion of privacy-coercion to participate-potential physical or mental harm-deception-violation of confidentiality

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7
Q

3 problems with obtaining informed consent

A

-compromises validity of study (observer effect)-participants unable to give consent (children, vulnerable populations)-ludicrous cases of informed consent (counting number of people in cars that pass by, lol having to get consent each time)

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8
Q

objections to deception

A

-lying is immoral and deceitful SO BAD (lol)-may lead to undesirable consequences (widespread deception makes people hate researchers, research participants may enter study beforehand expecting some type of deception)

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9
Q

Debriefing does what 4 things

A

-clarifies nature of study to participant (any deception revealed)-remove any stress or other negative consequences of study (participants must leave with no bad feelings of what they have done)-obtain participants’ reactions to study itself-participants should leave the study feeling good, researchers should express genuine appreciation

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10
Q

3 major categories of scientific misconduct

A
  1. scientific dishonesty - fabrication, falsification (distortion of data), plagiarism2. problems of ownership and credit3. abuse of power, sexual assault, workplace problems, discrimination
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