2j- Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meiosis?

A

The division of the nucleus that results in the formation of haploid gametes from a diploid gametocyte

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2
Q

In diploid cells, how do chromosomes typically appear?

A

As homologous pairs

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3
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes of the same size, same centromere position and with the same sequence of genes at the same loci

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4
Q

What do the chromosomes, which have replicated prior to meiosis 1, consist of?

A

Two genetically identical chromatids attached at the centromere

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5
Q

Where do chiasmata form and what happens at them?

A

At points of contact between the non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair and sections of DNA are exchanged

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6
Q

What are linked genes?

A

Those on the same chromosome

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7
Q

What can crossing over result in?

A

New combinations of the alleles of these genes

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8
Q

What can be said about the crossing over of DNA?

A

It is random and produces genetically different recombinant chromosomes

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9
Q

What do spindle fibres attach to?

A

The homologous pairs and line them up at the equator of the spindle

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10
Q

What can be said about the orientation of the pairs of homologous chromosomes at the equator?

A

It is random

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11
Q

What is independent assortment?

A

Each pair of homologous chromosomes is positioned independently of the other pairs, irrespective of their maternal or paternal origin

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12
Q

What happens to the chromosomes of each homologous pair?

A

They are separated and move towards opposite poles

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13
Q

What happens after the chromosomes of each homologous pair are seperated and move towards opposite poles?

A

Cytokinesis occurs and two daughter cells form

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14
Q

What happens after meiosis 1?

A

Each of the two cells produced in meiosis 1 undergoes a further division during which the sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated

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