2c- Identification and taxonomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Identification of an organism in a sample can be made using what three things?

A
  • classification guides
  • biological keys
  • analysis of DNA or protein
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2
Q

In what two ways can organisms be classified by?

A
  • taxonomy

- phylogenetics

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3
Q

What does taxonomy involve?

A

The identification and naming of organisms and their classification into groups based on shared characteristics

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4
Q

What is classic taxonomy classification based on?

A

Morphology

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5
Q

What is phylogenetics?

A

The study of evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms

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6
Q

What does phylogenetics use to make inferences about an organisms evolutionary history and create a phylogenetic tree?

A
  • morphology
  • DNA sequences
  • protein structure
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7
Q

What is a phylogeny (or phylogentic tree)?

A

A diagrammatic hypothesis on an organisms relationships to other organisms

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8
Q

What can genetic evidence be used to reveal?

A

Relatedness obscured by divergent or convergent evolution

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9
Q

What does familiarity with taxonomic groupings allow for?

A

Predictions and inferences to be made about the biology of an organism from better-known (model) organisms

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10
Q

What are three examples of taxonomic groups?

A
  • nematodes- round worms (e.g. tapeworms)
  • arthropods- joint-legged invertebrates (e.g. wasps, butterflies, crabs)
  • chordates- sea squirts and vertebrates (e.g. birds, mammals, fish)
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11
Q

What are model organisms?

A

Those that are either easily studied or have been well studied

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12
Q

What are five examples of model organisms which have been very important in the advancement of modern biology?

A
  • the bacterium E. coli
  • the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana
  • the nematode C. elegans
  • the arthropod Drosophila melanogaster (a fruit fly)
  • mice, rats and zebrafish (all chordates)
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13
Q

What can model organisms be used for?

A

Information obtained from them can then be applied to other species that are more difficult to study directly

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