2F respiration (not full)

Question 1

what is respiration?

Answer 1

Respiration is a chemical reaction carried out in all living organisms
the process by which food molecules are broken down to release the stored chemical energy that they contain

Question 2

what happens during cellular processes?

Answer 2

During the process of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down and several molecules of ATP are produced
The energy required by organisms is released via these ATP molecules

Question 3

what happens when atp is broken down?

Answer 3

ATP can be broken down to release energy for living processes to occur within cells and organisms

Question 4

what processes might require energy from atp?

Answer 4

Processes requiring energy from ATP might include:
Chemical reactions to build larger molecules from smaller molecules
Muscle contraction to allow movement
Keeping warm (to maintain a constant temperature suitable for enzyme activity)

Question 5

what is the equation for respiration?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water)

Question 6

what does Atp do?

Answer 6

provides energy for the cells

Question 7

how does the process of respiration produce ATP in living organisms?

Answer 7

During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as byproducts.

Question 8

what is the differenc ebtween aerobisc and anaerobic equation?

Answer 8

Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose. Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.

Question 9

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants? e.g., yeast

Answer 9

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + some energy (2 ATP)

Question 10

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 10

Glucose → lactic acid (+ some energy).

Question 11

• Practical Investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide from respiring seeds or other suitable living organisms

Answer 11

Apparatus
Boiling tubes
Rubber bungs
Hydrogen carbonate indicator solution
Cotton wool
Glass beads
Germinating seeds
Boiled/dead seeds
Method
Measure out 10 cm3 of hydrogencarbonate indicator into 3 boiling tubes
Put in a layer of cotton wool
Place 10 germinating seeds in tube A
Place 10 boiled/dead seeds in tube B
Place 10 glass beads in tube C
Seal each tube with a rubber bung
After 3 hours, observe the colour of the indicator
(Hydrogencarbonate indicator is orange in atmospheric CO2 levels
In high CO2 levels the indicator absorbs the CO2 and becomes yellow
In low CO2 levels it loses CO2 and becomes purple)
Results
In this investigation, we would expect to note the following
Tube A should turn yellow as the seeds are respiring and producing carbon dioxide
Tube B should remain orange as the dead seeds produce no carbon dioxide
Tube C should remain orange as there is no living material in there

Question 12

what is hydrogen carbonate indicator?

Answer 12

Hydrogencarbonate indicator is orange in atmospheric CO2 levels
In high CO2 levels the indicator absorbs the CO2 and becomes yellow
In low CO2 levels it loses CO2 and becomes purple

Question 13

describe the Practical to Investigate the evolution of heat from respiring seeds or other suitable living organisms

Answer 13

Apparatus
Vacuum Flasks
Thermometer
Cotton wool
Germinating seeds
Dead/boiled seeds
Method
Set up the flasks as shown in the diagram
Flask A with the dead seeds
Flask B with the germinating seeds
Make sure the cotton wool is plugging the top of each flask
Hold the thermometer in place with the cotton wool
Invert the flask
Record the initial temperature
After 4 days, record the final temperature
Results
The thermometer in the flask with the germinating seeds (Flask B) should show an increase in temperature
Flask A should remain at room temperature
This is because the seeds in flask B are respiring and producing heat energy in the process
This shows that respiration is an exothermic reaction
The seeds in flask A are not respiring because they are dead, so the temperature remains the same

Question 14

what type of reaction is respiration?

Answer 14

an oxidation reaction because oxygen is used to break down food molecules

Question 15

where does respiration happen?

Answer 15

in all of the cell of our body

Question 16

what are the waste products of respiration?

Answer 16

CO2 and H2O

Question 17

what is the main food oxidised? why?

Answer 17

glucose. it can be converted into other forms of energy that the cell can use.

Question 18

what is the energy called during respiration?

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

what can ATP be used for?

Answer 19

• contraction of muscle cells, producing movement
• active transport of molecules and ions
• building large molecules, such as proteins
• cell division

Question 20

what does ATP do for cells?

Answer 20

provides energy for cells

Question 21

what happens during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 21

glucose is not fully broken down so less energy is released. this happens in short supply of oxygen

Question 22

where does respiration take place?

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

what is oxygen debt?

Answer 23

the volume of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactate that builds up in the body during anaerobic respiration

Question 24

aerobic vs anaerobic respiration

Answer 24

aerobic - supply of oxygen
anaerobic- lack of oxygen

Question 25

how does respiration produce ATP?

Answer 25

Respiration uses the oxygen supplied from gas exchange to release energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose (and other molecules) in the cell