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OPP Week 1 Podcasts > 2c > Flashcards

2c Flashcards

1
Q

What level is the first spine that sticks out dominantly in the neck?

A

C7

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2
Q

What level is the PSIS?

A

S2

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3
Q

What level is the Angle of Louis?

A

T4

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4
Q

What level is the xiphoid process?

A

T9

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5
Q

What is the Angle of Louis?

A

Where manubrium and sternum meet

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6
Q

Umbilicals level

A

L3-L4 interspace

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7
Q

Greater trochanter is same level as what?

A

Pubic Symphysis

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8
Q

Define “Somatic Dysfunction”

A

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (bodywork) system including the skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures and their related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements

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9
Q

Is Somatic Dysfunction treatable with OMT?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What is the Soma?

A

Skeletal
Arthrodial
Myofascial

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11
Q

What are the neural, vascular, and lymphatic elements?

A

Related to Soma

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12
Q

What is the most important part of TART?

A

None; depends on which model or treatment you intend to use but Restriction is key

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13
Q

TTA

A

Tissue Texture Abnormality (TTC)

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14
Q

Can we measure Sensitivity in TART?

A

Yes; STAR

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15
Q

3 things to use for “Tenderness”

A
  1. Biomechanical
  2. Counterstrain TPs
  3. Travell trigger points
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16
Q

3 things to use for “Asymmetry”

A
  1. Postural Model
  2. Axial somatic dysfunction
  3. Appendicular somatic dysfunction
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17
Q

Restricted Motion 2 things

A
  1. Zink Fascia = regions

2. AGR = segments

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18
Q

3 things for “Tissue Texture Change”

A
  1. Acute-Chronic
  2. Neurological
  3. Congestion (fluid changes)
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19
Q

Can tenderness be specific?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Restriction on Motion 4 benefits

A
  1. Helps identify tissue type of dysfunction
  2. Allows naming articular dysfunction
  3. Allows positioning for direct or indirect methods
  4. Patten aids in “Differential Diagnosis”
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21
Q

What is a Somatic Dysfunction Barrier?

A

Freedom in one area and restriction in another

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22
Q

Patter of barrier can show what?

A

Position that patient was in when injury/dysfunction occurred

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23
Q

Paired elements bilaterally restricted shows what?

A

Probably inflammation/pathlogical as opposed to somatic dysfunction

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24
Q

Passive Motion gives what feel?

A

“End” feel

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25
Q

T5 somatic dysfunction shows what?

A

T5 moving on T6

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26
Q

What is useful in defining barriers?

A

End feel

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27
Q

Anatomic barrier

A

Limit of PASSIVE motion

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28
Q

Physiological Barrier

A

Limit of ACTIVE motion

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29
Q

Elastic Barrier

A

Range between physiological and anatomical barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption

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30
Q

What is a Restrictive Barrier

A

Functional limit that abnormally diminishes the normal physiological range

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31
Q

Name the 4 barriers for a single direction

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Elastic
  3. Anatomical
  4. Restrictive
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32
Q

What is a Capsular Pattern

A

Barriers abrupt in BOTH paired directions - can’t reach normal physiological barriers

33
Q

What is a pathologic barrier?

A

A restriction of joint motion associated with pathological change of tissues (osteophytes)

34
Q

Difference between Somatic Dysfunction and Capsular Dysfunction

A 
Somatic = 1 barrier
Capsular = both directions of pair are restricted
35
Q

Which Fryette is for a Group Curve?

A

Type 1

36
Q

What does a Type 2 single segment do?

A

Rotates into intended concavity

37
Q

What is Physiological Motion of the Spine related to ?

A

Fryette

38
Q

If it doesn’t return to normal, what do we have?

A

Dysfunction, not physiological motion

39
Q

3 things with Fryette Type 1

A
  1. May not be symptomatic
  2. May need to treat if wish to rehabilitate posture
  3. Often treat the apex of curve
40
Q

3 things with Fryette Type 2

A
  1. Often symptomatic (sclerotomal innervation)
  2. Biomechanical from extreme flexion or extension
  3. May be involved in viscerosomatic of somatovisceral reflexes
41
Q

Which type is more common? Does it still have TART?

A

Type 1; yes

42
Q

How is pain characterized in Type 2?

A

Deep, dull, achy

43
Q

What is the Nociceptive Model?

A

Noxious stimulus of somatic dysfunction

44
Q

What does noxious stimulus of somatic dysfunction lead to?

A
  1. Local biochemical “sensitizing soup”
  2. Activation of spinal reflexes
  3. Activation of sympathetics
45
Q

What is the process of a Spinal Cord Nocifensive Reflex?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle activity (shortened)
  2. Maintained shortening
  3. Connective tissue reorganized in shortened form
46
Q

4 Muscle Fascia Responses

A
  1. Acute = contraction
  2. Chronic = contracture
  3. Segmentl facilitation
  4. Pain-spasm-pain response
47
Q

Do changes occur both in spinal cord and periphery? What does it affect?

A

Yes; local somatic dysfunction found and response to treatment

48
Q

What 3 effects occur from Sympathetic Activation?

A
  1. Visceral effects

2. Immune effects

49
Q

What 6 things do we see in sympathetic activation?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction of vessles to skin and segmental viscera
  2. Activation of sweat glands in skin (acute and early chronic)
  3. Activation of sympathetic responses to end-organs
  4. Central sensitization: higher pain perception and response
  5. Release of (nor)epinephrine and cortisol
  6. Reduced immune function (direct and secondary)
50
Q

2 examples of Noxious stimulus

A
  1. Repetitive strain

2. Injury

51
Q

What does a noxious stimulus initiate?

A

Production of “biochemical sensitizing soup”

52
Q

6 examples of sensitizing soup

A
  1. Cytokines
  2. Histamine
  3. Interleukins
  4. Prostaglandins
  5. Substance-P
  6. Bradykinin
53
Q

What does sensitizing soup lead to?

A
  1. Hyperalgesia
  2. Inflammation
  3. Edema
54
Q

What horn is the soup associated with?

A

Dorsal

55
Q

Tissue Texture Change can help in what?

A

Choosing direct vs indirect OMT

56
Q

What does Hysterisus mean?

A

After compression, how quickly do tissues return to non-compressed state

57
Q

What blend do we see in tissue texture?

A

Blend of physiological processes: biochemical-autonomic-trophic

58
Q

What does TTA permit?

A

Physiological diagnosis

59
Q

Do acute and chronic associate just time?

A

No; different palpatory diagnostic criteria

60
Q

What is acute associated with?

A

Biochemical - autonomic (sympathetic)

61
Q

What is chronic associated with?

A

Autonomic (sympathetic) functional changes

62
Q

What is very chronic associated with?

A

Sympathetic + trophic changes

63
Q

What are bradykinins?

A

Histamine

64
Q

Does acute vs chronic have a physiological meaning?

A

Yes

65
Q

Acute needs what kind of OMT? (IMPORTANT)

A

Indirect OMT = acute

66
Q

Chronic needs what kind of OMT? (IMPORTANT)

A

Direct OMT = chronic

67
Q

3 things with acute

A
  1. Pain
  2. Edema
  3. Muscle contraction
68
Q

2 things with Chronic

A
  1. Fibrosis

2. Muscle contracture

69
Q

Difference between contraction and contracture

A

Contraction wound healing where wound edges are pulled together, contracture is abnormal contraction of a muscle

70
Q

What is mechanotransruction?

A

Change of biochemical kinetics

71
Q

What can speed healing in mechanotransduction?

A

Titrated mechanical force to integrins or venous stasis pumps)

72
Q

Biomechanics can reduce and modulate what?

A
  1. Musculoskeletal function
  2. Nociception/pain
  3. Homeostasis/physiologiy modulation in all systems
73
Q

What does touching do?

A

Pain reduction impacting biopsychosocial mechanisms

74
Q

Somatic Dysfunction can do what for the models?

A

Give somatic clues that can be linked to each model

75
Q

Asymmetry used in what?

A
  1. Postural model

2. Zink fascial pattern for either postural or respiratory-circulatory

76
Q

Restriction in motion related to what?

A
  1. Biomechanical model with AGR

2. Biomechanical model with flexion tests or pelvic sideshift test

77
Q

Tenderness interprets what?

A

TTC of physiology for key lesion in any of the models

78
Q

T>R in what?

A

Neurological-autonomic model

79
Q

Tenderness often used in what?

A

Counterstrain

OPP Week 1 Podcasts (12 decks)

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