2b: diagnostic imaging Flashcards
does an image make a diagnosis
NO
what are the 6 different diagnostic imaging types
- Radiography
- CT
- Bone scan
- MRI
-T1
- T2
- W/ contrast - Diagnostic ultrasound
- DEXA
what diagnostic imaging properties allows appreciation of basic bony anatomy
radiography
how is the radiation for radiography
low
what are the advantages of radiography
• Convenient
• Relatively low cost
• Moderate radiation exposure
what is considered more radiopaque and radiolucent
metal (whiter)
bone
water/soft tissue
fat
air/gas (black)
what are the 3 most common view for radiography
AP view
lateral view
oblique view
whar diagnostic imaging is excellent demonstration of cortical bone anatomy, particularly where complex
CT (computed tomography)
is the radiation high or low for CT
high
what is especially valuable in c spine following trauma
computed tomography (CT)
what are the 3 most common views for a CT
sagittal view
axial view
coronal view
what diagnostic imaging has Good sensitivity to
↑ metabolic activity/bone turn over
bone scan
what is bone scan commonly used for
evaluating widespread bone disease
areas of increased metabolic uptake in bone scans suggest what 3 things
• Fx
• Disease process
• Areas of remarkable M
what diagnostic imaging is an Excellent
demonstration of soft tissues & bone marrow
MRI
what is the relative radiation dosage for MRI
non
what is typically the choice for evaluating deeper structures less well imaged by other methods
MRI
what weighted MRI image does water tends to show the brightest (swelling)
T2
what weighted MRI image does fat tend to show brightest and is best anatomical definition and spatial resolution
T1
what is the Preferred method for intra-articular
tissue assessment & bone stress injuries
MRI
what is it called when contrast is added to enhance abaility to identify intra articular lesions for an MRI
magnetic resonance arthrogram
what are the 2 common views for MRI
coronal and axial
what diagnostic imaging is Good
demonstration ofvsoft tissues and Allows real-time,
dynamic imaging
ultrasound
what is used to assses MSL conditions in real time
ultrasound
what is the economic option that invovled no radiation to pt or practitioner
ultrasound
what color is hyperechoic
white
what color is hyperechoic
white
what color is hypoechoic
dark
what color is anechoic
black
what diagnostic imaging is Suited to serial
testing, if same device Useful for diagnosis & monitoring
dual x ray absorptiometry (dexa)
what is enchanced form of x ray most frequently used to measure bone density
Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
if someone has less than -2.5 SDs from the mean what condition will they have
osteoporosis
if someone has less b/t -1 and -2.5 SDs from the mean for T score values based on images what condtion will they have
osteopenia
what does Pittsburgh Guidelines for Knee Trauma look for
mechanisms of injury if yes then go to age
if yes then is age < 12 or > 50 if yes then knee pic if no then do they have inability to walk four weight bearing steps if yes knee pic if no then non
what does Canadian Cervical Spine Rule used for
checks immobilization
checks ROM
checks activity rotate neck 45° L and R regardless of pain
is Canadian Cervical Spine Rule used post trauma ?
yes
what is ottawa knee rule looking at
to see if you need x-ray or not
looking for knee pain
for the ottawa knee rule when is a knee radiography indicated
•age >55
• tenderness at head of fibu;ar
•isolated tenderness of patella
• inability to flex to 90°
•inability to wear bear immediately and in the emergency department (4 steps)
what is the ottawa ankle rule
•bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of lateral and or medal malleolus
• inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department (only 1 step)
what is the ottawa foot rules
• bone tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal or navicular
• inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department (only 1 step)
what is the new orleans criteria for CT head rule
•headache
•voimiting
• age greater than 60
• intoxication
•deficits in short term memory
•physcial evidence of trauma above the clavicle
•sezuire
what is the canadian CT head rule
• failure to reach GCS of 15 within 2 hours of injur
• suspected open skull fx
• signs of basal skull fx
• vomit more than once
• age greater then 64
• amnesia before impact of greater than 30 mins
• dangerous MOI
what is a dangerous MOI mean
pederarian struck by a motor vehicle , ejected from a motor veggie , and fall from a height of greater then 3 feet or 5 stairs
for the CT head rule a pateint must have a GCS ( glasgow coma scale) of what? what about initially
15
13-15
