2b: diagnostic imaging

Question 1

does an image make a diagnosis

Answer 1

NO

Question 2

what are the 6 different diagnostic imaging types

Answer 2

• Radiography
• CT
• Bone scan
• MRI
  -T1
  - T2
  - W/ contrast
• Diagnostic ultrasound
• DEXA

Question 3

what diagnostic imaging properties allows appreciation of basic bony anatomy

Answer 3

radiography

Question 4

how is the radiation for radiography

Answer 4

low

Question 5

what are the advantages of radiography

Answer 5

• Convenient
• Relatively low cost
• Moderate radiation exposure

Question 6

what is considered more radiopaque and radiolucent

Answer 6

metal (whiter)
bone
water/soft tissue
fat
air/gas (black)

Question 7

what are the 3 most common view for radiography

Answer 7

AP view

lateral view

oblique view

Question 8

whar diagnostic imaging is excellent demonstration of cortical bone anatomy, particularly where complex

Answer 8

CT (computed tomography)

Question 9

is the radiation high or low for CT

Answer 9

high

Question 10

what is especially valuable in c spine following trauma

Answer 10

computed tomography (CT)

Question 11

what are the 3 most common views for a CT

Answer 11

sagittal view
axial view
coronal view

Question 12

what diagnostic imaging has Good sensitivity to
↑ metabolic activity/bone turn over

Answer 12

bone scan

Question 13

what is bone scan commonly used for

Answer 13

evaluating widespread bone disease

Question 14

areas of increased metabolic uptake in bone scans suggest what 3 things

Answer 14

• Fx
• Disease process
• Areas of remarkable M

Question 15

what diagnostic imaging is an Excellent
demonstration of soft tissues & bone marrow

Answer 15

MRI

Question 16

what is the relative radiation dosage for MRI

Answer 16

non

Question 17

what is typically the choice for evaluating deeper structures less well imaged by other methods

Answer 17

MRI

Question 18

what weighted MRI image does water tends to show the brightest (swelling)

Answer 18

T2

Question 19

what weighted MRI image does fat tend to show brightest and is best anatomical definition and spatial resolution

Answer 19

T1

Question 20

what is the Preferred method for intra-articular
tissue assessment & bone stress injuries

Answer 20

MRI

Question 21

what is it called when contrast is added to enhance abaility to identify intra articular lesions for an MRI

Answer 21

magnetic resonance arthrogram

Question 22

what are the 2 common views for MRI

Answer 22

coronal and axial

Question 23

what diagnostic imaging is Good
demonstration ofvsoft tissues and Allows real-time,
dynamic imaging

Answer 23

ultrasound

Question 24

what is used to assses MSL conditions in real time

Answer 24

ultrasound

Question 25

what is the economic option that invovled no radiation to pt or practitioner

Answer 25

ultrasound

Question 26

what color is hyperechoic

Answer 26

white

Question 27

what color is hyperechoic

Answer 27

white

Question 28

what color is hypoechoic

Answer 28

dark

Question 29

what color is anechoic

Answer 29

black

Question 30

what diagnostic imaging is Suited to serial testing, if same device Useful for diagnosis & monitoring

Answer 30

dual x ray absorptiometry (dexa)

Question 31

what is enchanced form of x ray most frequently used to measure bone density

Answer 31

Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Question 32

if someone has less than -2.5 SDs from the mean what condition will they have

Answer 32

osteoporosis

Question 33

if someone has less b/t -1 and -2.5 SDs from the mean for T score values based on images what condtion will they have

Answer 33

osteopenia

Question 34

what does Pittsburgh Guidelines for Knee Trauma look for

Answer 34

mechanisms of injury if yes then go to age if yes then is age < 12 or > 50 if yes then knee pic if no then do they have inability to walk four weight bearing steps if yes knee pic if no then non

Question 35

what does Canadian Cervical Spine Rule used for

Answer 35

checks immobilization checks ROM checks activity rotate neck 45° L and R regardless of pain

Question 36

is Canadian Cervical Spine Rule used post trauma ?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

what is ottawa knee rule looking at

Answer 37

to see if you need x-ray or not looking for knee pain

Question 38

for the ottawa knee rule when is a knee radiography indicated

Answer 38

•age >55 • tenderness at head of fibu;ar •isolated tenderness of patella • inability to flex to 90° •inability to wear bear immediately and in the emergency department (4 steps)

Question 39

what is the ottawa ankle rule

Answer 39

•bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of lateral and or medal malleolus • inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department (only 1 step)

Question 40

what is the ottawa foot rules

Answer 40

• bone tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal or navicular • inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department (only 1 step)

Question 41

what is the new orleans criteria for CT head rule

Answer 41

•headache •voimiting • age greater than 60 • intoxication •deficits in short term memory •physcial evidence of trauma above the clavicle •sezuire

Question 42

what is the canadian CT head rule

Answer 42

• failure to reach GCS of 15 within 2 hours of injur • suspected open skull fx • signs of basal skull fx • vomit more than once • age greater then 64 • amnesia before impact of greater than 30 mins • dangerous MOI

Question 43

what is a dangerous MOI mean

Answer 43

pederarian struck by a motor vehicle , ejected from a motor veggie , and fall from a height of greater then 3 feet or 5 stairs

Question 44

for the CT head rule a pateint must have a GCS ( glasgow coma scale) of what? what about initially

Answer 44

15 13-15