2.b. Corridors of migrant flows create interdependence between countries. Flashcards
Why is international migration an important part of the globalisation process
- it had brought benefits and opportunities for many
- BUT others have been excluded from the process OR have experienced the effects of inequalities and injustice
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- key statistics/facts
- 7th largest economy in the world
- GDP- sevices 69%, industry 25% and agriculture 6%
- Brazil has rapidly moved through the demographic transition, with declining crude oil rate
- migration has contributed to the economic growth and development of Brazil
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- current patterns of immigration and emigration
- net migration loss of half a million in 2000-04 and 2005-09
- increased migration between Brazil and neighbouring countries
- slowing down of emigration of lower economic migrants to USA
- increased emigration of highly skilled works to Europe, USA and Japan
- a rise in the number of international labour migrants attracted by construction
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- changes in immigration and emigrayion
- late 19th-20th century- Brazil was a net recipient of migrants because Europeans were attracted to agriculture
- immigration has slowed in the last 15 years. Fewer than 80,000 immigrants living in Brazil
- emigration has increased- in 2013, 1.77 million Brazilians lived abroad
- the USA has Brazil’s largest population overseas, maily for economic reasons
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- Economic, political and social interdependence with Portugal connected to Brazil by migrant flows
- Brazil and Portugal have a long standing bilateral relationship
- Brazil was a former colony of Portugal
- Portuguese government gives special status to Brazilian migrants
- Portugal has become a gateway for entry to the EU
- migrant remittances- important economic factor
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- Economic, political and social interdependence with the USA connected to Brazil by migrant flows
- low skilled migrants in the USA are able to remit significant monies, and returning migrants have acquired skills and knowledge to contribute to Brazilian development
- highly skilled Brazilians are increasingly funding opportunities to work in the USA- esp in service sector
- USA negotiated agreements with Brazil in agriculture, trade, finace, education and defence
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- Economic, political and social interdependence with Haiti connected to Brazil by migrant flows
- National Immigration Council for Brazil enables Haitian immigrants to obtain visas- reducing their vulnerability to trafficking networks
- number of immigrants grew to 11,072 in 2013
- many immigrants intend to join friends and relatives in southeast Brazil for low skilled jobs in factories
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- The impact of migration on Brazil’s economic development
- waves of immmigration in different periods in Japan for example have contributed to the growth of agriculture and other manufacturing sectors
- arrivals of highly skilled professionals with employment contracts contriubute to enterpreneurship, innovation and reducing gaps in labour market
- emigration to USA, Japan, Portugal means migrant remittances to Brazil, used by families- contributes to development
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- The impact of migration on Brazil’s political stability
- Brazil has a stable democratic political system
- membership of Mercosur has helped South American integration and promotion of political stability
- stable politicla relatinships between Brazil and countries with bilateral migrant slows e..g USA, Japan, Portugal
- Brazil is a receiver of environmental and political refugees and government accepts responsibility for thier welfare and employment
Case study of an EDC- Brazil- The impact of migration on Brazil’s social equality
- inequalities such as access to services, income and housing provision exist in Brazilian societies between different ethnic groups
- inequalities have a spatial perspective with poverty concentrated in rural areas to which the poor migrate
- prejudice and discrimination in the labour market, especially against black and indigenous populations
