2.A10 Glacial and periglacial landscapes have intrinsic cultural, economic and environmental value. Flashcards
Relict and glaciated landscapes have environmental and cultural value which may include -
Polar scientific research, wilderness recreation and religious/spiritual associations.
Yamal Peninsula as a periglacial landscape can offer cultural, economic and environmental value - (Environmental, gas and carbon value)
Yamal Peninsula holds a 1/4 of the worlds gas, and double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Model answer - Periglacial landscapes also provide lots of environmental value in terms of the carbon that is locked away. The Yamal Peninsula in Russia has a global environmental value as a large-scale carbon sink which stores an incredible amount of carbon and methane. The carbon stored here contributes twice as much as that stored in the atmosphere. This is environmentally valuable because the displacement of these gases and loss of this landscape would cause catastrophic, global effects as the release of that carbon would enhance global warming through the release of those gases.
Cultural value meaning -
Cultural – relates to the ideas and behaviour of society.
Environmental value meaning -
Environmental – biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) things around us.
How much carbon does the permafrost contain in the Peninsula?
Double the amount in the atmosphere
How much of the worlds gas is contained in the Peninsula?
Almost a 1/4
Spec says relict and active landscapes value so the use of the … is not Valid?
The Yamal Peninsula, which would be used for 2A.10 c. for glaciated and periglacial have unique biodiversity and play an important role in the maintenance of natural systems of the water and carbon cycle.
Yamal Peninsula as a periglacial landscape can offer cultural, economic and environmental value - (Cultural value) in terms of biotic factors (not carbon as its not living)
The Yamal Peninsula has been known to offer cultural value through the indigenous people of Nenets and reindeer herding. Individuals tend to move with the reindeer herds in order to search for grazing grounds and seasonal resources. The involvement of 10,000 nomads in reindeer herding support indicates the significance of this practice for preserving indigenous cultures and traditional ways of life. Therefore maintaining there cultural value.
What local community live in the Peninsula?
Nenets
How many nomads does reindeer herding support?
10,000
Arctic offers a glaciated landscape with cultural and environmental value - (environmental)
Remain a weak carbon sink meaning more carbon is lost than added to the environment each year, however as permafrost melts as result of positive feedback, ancient carbon is released, creating an imbalance in the system.
Glaciers have important values economically - through farming, tourism, mining, HEP - Swizz Alps (tourism)
Swizz Alps - The Swiss Alps attract over 20 million tourists annually generally for skiing, snowboarding and outdoor activities on the glaciated landscapes. The money accumulated contributes to the local economy through accommodation, restaurants and recreational services. Jungfrau railway to Jungfraujoch access by road tunnel for all year round tourism.
Glaciers have important values economically - through farming, tourism, mining, HEP - Swizz Alps (HEP) -
The Swiss Alps are home to numerous glaciers and high altitude lakes which serve as important services of water and meltwater for HEP, for example HEP accounts for approximately 60% of Switzerland’s electricity production. And glacial meltwater contributes to this too. These are seen but however controversial concerns of damming of rivers and the environment however micro-hydros have seen to revolutionise the quality of life in villages and accommodation from making renewable energy sources from local aesthetics.
Relict landscapes have environmental and cultural value - Lake District (also problems)
Lake District attracts around 16 millions day visitors annually and it generates approximately £1.5 billion in visitor spending annually. Due to the threat of recreational activities for example walking, climbing and cycling it has led to footpath erosion, this is seen as a problem as the exposed soil is easily washed away and walkers destroy vegetation impacting infiltration rates. To improve the problem the local economy has benefited where in 2014 visitors spent about £1.1 billion to help support the local businesses and deal with the affects of tourism.
Glaciers have Relict and active glaciated landscapes have environmental
and cultural value (polar scientific research, wilderness
recreation, and spiritual/religious associations).
(A: attitudes range from exploitation to preservation) - Polar scientific research
Arctic - And its polar research is important to understand due to changing climates for example the Arctic warming and it is warming at twice the global average rate since 1979, due to this both the Arctic and Antarctic have become ‘living labs’ and have similarities and differences in their research plans. For example in Antarctica the UN environment programme reports that 60 countries and more than 10,000 researchers took place in scientific research costing over £1.5 billion. Some of the research conducted was to understand global change of past, present and future of changing ice cores along with the biodiversity and the effects of climate change on mass balance and food webs.
