2A language and thinking Flashcards
what is rate of language acquisition after birth
rapid
what happens at 3 to 4 moths old
ability to connect speech sounds with objects
what happens at 8 months old
lose ability to perceive sounds that are not part of native language
what are tonal languages
languages that rely on changes in pitch to alter meaning
what do differences in language child is exposed to early on result in
differences in perceptual skills
what do children that are exposed to tonal languages become skilled at
detecting pitch differences
what is grammar
rules of language
what is syntax
rules for ordering words
what was Skinner’s view on language development
environmentally influenced
what was Chomsky’s stance on language development
biologically influenced
NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE according to Skinner how are verbal behaviours increased
children repeat phrases or gestures if positively reinforced
NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE according to Skinner how are verbal behaviours decreased
children do not repeat phrases or gestures if negatively reinforced
NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE how does parental involvement contribute to speech development
- fragmented speech patterns ==> contributes to children recognizing words
- slowed speech
==> contributes to children improving stutters
NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE what does parental involvement alter
neural activity in children
NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what is nativism
belief that certain abilities are built into our brains
NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what is language acquisition device (LAD)
hypothetical brain mechanism responsible for language
NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what happens during critical period
children receive stimuli to ensure full development of language skills
NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what provides evidence that critical period is actually sensitive period
not impossible to learn 2nd language after early development
NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what is sensitive period
- early development ==> neurological sys malleable
- after early development ==> neurological sys modifiable
- not impossible
how do cross cultural studies provide evidence of biology contributing to language
- non deaf children show similar pattern in acquiring words
- non deaf children show similar patten in acquiring grammar
- deaf children show similar patten in gesturing SVO
what does Emergentist perspective do
bridge gap bw nature + nurture
what did operant conditioning explain with regards to language
how to develop verbal behaviour
what did genetic explain with regard to language
developmental constraints
what did social constraints explain
developmental differences
