2A language and thinking

Question 1

what is rate of language acquisition after birth

Answer 1

rapid

Question 2

what happens at 3 to 4 moths old

Answer 2

ability to connect speech sounds with objects

Question 3

what happens at 8 months old

Answer 3

lose ability to perceive sounds that are not part of native language

Question 4

what are tonal languages

Answer 4

languages that rely on changes in pitch to alter meaning

Question 5

what do differences in language child is exposed to early on result in

Answer 5

differences in perceptual skills

Question 6

what do children that are exposed to tonal languages become skilled at

Answer 6

detecting pitch differences

Question 7

what is grammar

Answer 7

rules of language

Question 8

what is syntax

Answer 8

rules for ordering words

Question 9

what was Skinner’s view on language development

Answer 9

environmentally influenced

Question 10

what was Chomsky’s stance on language development

Answer 10

biologically influenced

Question 11

NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE according to Skinner how are verbal behaviours increased

Answer 11

children repeat phrases or gestures if positively reinforced

Question 12

NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE according to Skinner how are verbal behaviours decreased

Answer 12

children do not repeat phrases or gestures if negatively reinforced

Question 13

NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE how does parental involvement contribute to speech development

Answer 13

1. fragmented speech patterns ==> contributes to children recognizing words
2. slowed speech
   ==> contributes to children improving stutters

Question 14

NURTURE / ENVIRO INFLUENCE what does parental involvement alter

Answer 14

neural activity in children

Question 15

NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what is nativism

Answer 15

belief that certain abilities are built into our brains

Question 16

NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what is language acquisition device (LAD)

Answer 16

hypothetical brain mechanism responsible for language

Question 17

NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what happens during critical period

Answer 17

children receive stimuli to ensure full development of language skills

Question 18

NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what provides evidence that critical period is actually sensitive period

Answer 18

not impossible to learn 2nd language after early development

Question 19

NATURE / BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE what is sensitive period

Answer 19

• early development ==> neurological sys malleable
• after early development ==> neurological sys modifiable
• not impossible

Question 20

how do cross cultural studies provide evidence of biology contributing to language

Answer 20

1. non deaf children show similar pattern in acquiring words
2. non deaf children show similar patten in acquiring grammar
3. deaf children show similar patten in gesturing SVO

Question 21

what does Emergentist perspective do

Answer 21

bridge gap bw nature + nurture

Question 22

what did operant conditioning explain with regards to language

Answer 22

how to develop verbal behaviour

Question 23

what did genetic explain with regard to language

Answer 23

developmental constraints

Question 24

what did social constraints explain

Answer 24

developmental differences