2A Anatomy Review Flashcards
What do the curves of the spine allow?
Increased flexibility and increased shock absorption
What does the anterior column of the spine consist of?
Vertebral bodies, discs
these structures provide WBing and shock absorption
What does the posterior column of the spine consist of?
Articular processes, and facet joints
Provide Gliding mechanism for movement
Horizontal articular surfaces like intervertebral discs favor _______rotation
Vertical articular surfaces like facet joints ______________ axial rotation
axial
block
what area of the spine has the largest facet joints?
lumbar
In the cervical and lumbar spine, the IVD is thicker in the ________
in the thoracic spine, the IVD is ______________
front
uniform in thickness
What are the 5 major stresses that IVDs resist?
axial compression
shearing
bending
twisting
combined motion
What area of the spine do things most commonly break down in first?
Thoracolumbar junction first
and also the lumbosacral junction
mechanical stability vs controlled/dynamic stability
mechanical stability- when the body is still/in neutral position
controlled/dynamic stability- combination of passive, active, and CNS control
If the passive stability system is damaged or insufficient, the active system ___________
has to work harder
What is the closed packed position of the lumbar spine?
What is the open packed position of the lumbar?
close packed- full ext
open packed - midway between flexion/ext
what is the capsular pattern of the lumbar spine?
First limitations: SB and Rotation
then extension
Lumbarization vs Sacroilization
Lumbarization- S1 becomes more like a lumbar vertebrae (more mobile)
Sacroilization- L5 becomes more like a sacral vertebrae (fused)
With normal intact discs the facet joints carry _____ of the load
with degen discs they can carry up to _______ of axial load
20-25%
70%
In what positions are the facet joint capsules tight?
ALL positions
What structure in the facet joint might be responsible for “catching” in your back
fibroadispose meniscoid
IVD’s compose of what % of the total height of the vertebral column
25%
What part of the annulus fibrosis has a neurovascular supply
outer 1/3
T or F: The nucleus pulposus has no blood or nerve supply
T
What part of the disc is the weakest to compression/ first to break
end plate
The anterior longitudinal ligament resists what motions?
extension and excessive lordosis
anterior longitudinal ligament
the posterior longitudinal ligament resists what
flexion and traction
Posterior longitudinal ligament
The ligamentum flavum resists what?
flexion, slack only with extension
Ligamentum Flavum
The interspinous ligament and supraspinous ligament resist what?
hyperflexion
yellow= supraspinous
green= interspinous
what does the intertransverse ligament resist?
limits contralateral flexion/sidebending
intertransverse ligament
T or : the iliolumbar ligament is made of multiple bands
T
What muscle is important for stabilizin the facet joints, AKA the rotator cuff of the back
multifidus
What direction does disc buldging normally occur
posterior or posterior-lateral
What part of the lumbar spine is the main restraint of flexion?
Joint Capsules: 39%
