2A Anatomy Review

Question 1

What do the curves of the spine allow?

Answer 1

Increased flexibility and increased shock absorption

Question 2

What does the anterior column of the spine consist of?

Answer 2

Vertebral bodies, discs

these structures provide WBing and shock absorption

Question 3

What does the posterior column of the spine consist of?

Answer 3

Articular processes, and facet joints

Provide Gliding mechanism for movement

Question 4

Horizontal articular surfaces like intervertebral discs favor _______rotation

Vertical articular surfaces like facet joints ______________ axial rotation

Answer 4

axial

block

Question 5

what area of the spine has the largest facet joints?

Answer 5

lumbar

Question 6

In the cervical and lumbar spine, the IVD is thicker in the ________

in the thoracic spine, the IVD is ______________

Answer 6

front

uniform in thickness

Question 7

What are the 5 major stresses that IVDs resist?

Answer 7

axial compression

shearing

bending

twisting

combined motion

Question 8

What area of the spine do things most commonly break down in first?

Answer 8

Thoracolumbar junction first

and also the lumbosacral junction

Question 9

mechanical stability vs controlled/dynamic stability

Answer 9

mechanical stability- when the body is still/in neutral position

controlled/dynamic stability- combination of passive, active, and CNS control

Question 10

If the passive stability system is damaged or insufficient, the active system ___________

Answer 10

has to work harder

Question 11

What is the closed packed position of the lumbar spine?

What is the open packed position of the lumbar?

Answer 11

close packed- full ext

open packed - midway between flexion/ext

Question 12

what is the capsular pattern of the lumbar spine?

Answer 12

First limitations: SB and Rotation

then extension

Question 13

Lumbarization vs Sacroilization

Answer 13

Lumbarization- S1 becomes more like a lumbar vertebrae (more mobile)

Sacroilization- L5 becomes more like a sacral vertebrae (fused)

Question 14

With normal intact discs the facet joints carry _____ of the load

with degen discs they can carry up to _______ of axial load

Answer 14

20-25%

70%

Question 15

In what positions are the facet joint capsules tight?

Answer 15

ALL positions

Question 16

What structure in the facet joint might be responsible for “catching” in your back

Answer 16

fibroadispose meniscoid

Question 17

IVD’s compose of what % of the total height of the vertebral column

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

What part of the annulus fibrosis has a neurovascular supply

Answer 18

outer 1/3

Question 19

T or F: The nucleus pulposus has no blood or nerve supply

Answer 19

T

Question 20

What part of the disc is the weakest to compression/ first to break

Answer 20

end plate

Question 21

The anterior longitudinal ligament resists what motions?

Answer 21

extension and excessive lordosis

Question 22

Answer 22

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 23

the posterior longitudinal ligament resists what

Answer 23

flexion and traction

Question 24

Answer 24

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 25

The ligamentum flavum resists what?

Answer 25

flexion, slack only with extension

Question 26

Answer 26

Ligamentum Flavum

Question 27

The interspinous ligament and supreaspinous ligament resist what?

Answer 27

hyperflexion

Question 28

Answer 28

yellow= supraspinous

green= interspinous

Question 29

what does the intertransverse ligament resist?

Answer 29

limits contralateral flexion/sidebending

Question 30

Answer 30

intertransverse ligament

Question 31

T or : the iliolumbar ligament is made of multiple bands

Answer 31

T

Question 32

What muscle is important for stabilizin the facet joints, AKA the rotator cuff of the back

Answer 32

multifidus

Question 33

What direction does disc buldging normally occur

Answer 33

posterior or posterior-lateral

Question 34

What part of the lumbar spine is the main restraint of flexion?

Answer 34

Joint Capsules: 39%