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MSK Exam 2 > 29: Integument Histo > Flashcards

29: Integument Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis vs dermis derivation

A

Epidermis: ectoderm
Dermis: mesoderm

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2
Q

Hypodermis

A

Loose CT binding skin loosely to adjacent organs/tissue

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3
Q

Two components in hypodermis

A

Adipocytes, extensive vasculature

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4
Q

Dermal-epidermal junction

A

Dermal papillae + epidermal ridges

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5
Q

Two things that provide a tight interface at dermal-epidermal junctions

A

Hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions

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6
Q

Thickness of thick vs thin skin

A

Thick: 400-1400um
Thin: 75-150um

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7
Q

Layer difference between thick and thin skin

A

Thick has stratum lucidum

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8
Q

Squames

A

Fully keratinized/cornified cells in the stratum corneum

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9
Q

Five layers of the epidermis from outside in

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale
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10
Q

Stratum lucidum contents

A

Almost exclusively keratin filaments at this point; nuclei and organelles have been lost

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11
Q

What holds stratum lucidum together?

A

Desmosomes

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12
Q

How many layers of cells in stratum corneum? Granulosum?

A

Corneum: 15-20
Granulosum: 3-5

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13
Q

Two granule types in stratum granulosum

A

Keratohyalin granules, lamellar granules

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14
Q

Keratohyalin granules: two contents

A

Tonofibrils, filaggrin (bundling protein)

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15
Q

Tonofibrils

A

Microscopically visible bundles of keratin

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16
Q

Lamellar granule contents

A

Lipids, glycoproteins

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17
Q

Function of lamellar granules

A

Undergo exocytosis to produce a lipid-rich, impermeable layer to protect against water loss

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18
Q

Thickest epidermal layer

A

Stratum spinosum

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19
Q

Where do tonofibrils first assemble in the epidermis?

A

Stratum spinosum

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20
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single layer of keratinocytes with interspersed SCs

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21
Q

What layer of epidermis is melanin found?

A

Stratum basale

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22
Q

Two junctions connecting cells in stratum basale

A

Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

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23
Q

Two processes keratinocytes undergo

A

Keratinization, desquamation (shedding)

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24
Q

Melanocytes function

A

Produce melanin and transfer it to keratinocytes

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25
Q

Location of melanocytes and langerhans cells

A

Melanocytes: stratum basale

Langerhans cells: stratum spinosum

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26
Q

Derivation of melanocytes and langerhans cells

A

Melanocytes: neural crest cells

Langerhans cells: monocytes

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27
Q

Melanin function

A

Protects nuclei from UV radiation

28
Q

Epidermal-melanin unit

A

One melanocytes gives melanin to about 10 keratinocytes

29
Q

Melanin production: four steps

A
  1. Tyrosine -> DOPA (by tyrosinase)
  2. DOPA -> polymerized to melanin
  3. Reactions occur in premelanosomes (membrane-bound organelles)
  4. More melanin produced -> melanosomes
30
Q

Langerhans cells

A

APCs in skin, with long processes

31
Q

Sebaceous gland secretion type

A

Holocrine secretion

32
Q

Sebaceous gland secretion

A

Sebum: mix of triglycerides + cholesterol

33
Q

Functions of sebum

A

Lubricates, softens, and waterproofs skin

34
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A
  1. Eccrine sweat glands

2. Apocrine sweat glands

35
Q

Sweat gland duct type and secretion type

A

Ducts: stratified cuboidal
Secretion: merocrine

36
Q

Myoepithelial cells in sweat glands

A

Facilitate expulsion of secretions

37
Q

Eccrine vs apocrine sweat gland location

A

Eccrine: all over skin
Apocrine: axilla, genitals, anus

38
Q

Eccrine vs apocrine sweat composition

A

Eccrine: H2O, salt, ammonia, uric acid, mucinogen granules
Apocrine: protein, carb, ammonia

39
Q

Hair bulb

A

Terminal dilation of hair follicle

40
Q

Hair matrix

A

Where hair cells divide and differentiate, creating hair growth

41
Q

Cell type that forms hair matrix

A

Keratinocytes

42
Q

Follicular bulge: cells present there + location

A

Epidermal SCs, near insertion of arrector pili M.

43
Q

Where arrector pili M’s attach

A

Midpoint of hair root -> papillary layer of dermis

44
Q

Nails: cell type

A

Highly keratinized epidermis

45
Q

Nail matrix

A

SCs that divide to form keratinocytes to make nails

46
Q

Nail blaze

A

Pushes forward by continuous growth while remaining attached to the nail bed

47
Q

Lunula

A

Crescent shaped white area near nail matrix

48
Q

Cuticle (eponychium) f nail

A

Extension of skin covering nail root

49
Q

Two layers of dermis and thier tissue type

A
  1. Papillary: loose CT just beneath epidermis

2. Reticular: dense irregular CT with coarse elastic fibers

50
Q

Three things present in the papillary dermis layer

A

Vasculature, nerves, dermal papillae

51
Q

Langer’s lines

A

Regular lines of tension in reticular layer of dermis

52
Q

Two plexuses in the skin and their locations

A

Subpapillary plexus: between papillary + reticular dermis

Deep plexus: near dermis-hypodermis interface

53
Q

Four sensory receptors in the skin

A
  1. Merkel cells
  2. Free nerve endings
  3. Meissner’s corpuscleS
  4. Pacinian corpuscles
54
Q

Merkel cell location

A

Epithelium

55
Q

Free nerve ending location

A

Papillary dermis -> into lower epidermal layers

56
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles location

A

Dermal papillae (perpendicular to epidermis)

57
Q

Pacinian corpuscle location

A

Reticular dermis, hypodermis, CT of visceral organs

58
Q

Merkel cells

A

Tactile cells that sense gentle touch

59
Q

Merkel cell composition

A

Looks like a keratinocytes without melanosomes; with small golgi-derived granules near basolateral surface

60
Q

Merkel cell carcinoma

A

Rare, aggressive cancer with 2x mortality rate compared to melanoma, but 40x less common

61
Q

Example of a non-encapsulated sensory receptor

A

Free nerve endings

62
Q

What do free nerve endings respond to?

A

High and low temp, pain, itching

63
Q

Major location for meissner’s corpuscles

A

Fingertips, palms, soles

64
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles function

A

Light touch or low-frequency stimuli

65
Q

Pacinian corpuscles - 2 locations in the body where there’s a lot of them

A

Wall of rectum, urinary bladder

66
Q

Two encapsulated sensory receptors

A

Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles

67
Q

Pacinian corpuscles respond to what?

A

Coarse touch, pressure, vibration

MSK Exam 2 (20 decks)

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