21: UE Osteology Flashcards
Greenstick fracture
An incomplete fracture, more common in younger children, usually of the clavicle
Most common humerus fracture site
Surgical neck
Spot on the humerus suscpectible to avulsion
Greater tubercle (due to SIT attachment)
Groove for ulnar nerve compression
Funny bone feeling
What causes avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle
Hyper-abduction of extended elbow
Common cause of olecranon fracture
Fall -> forecful avulsion from triceps brachii
Colle’s fracture
Fracture to distal radius, sometimes styloid process is avulsed
Common cause of Colle’s fracture and scaphoid fracture
FOOSH
Most commonly fractured carpal bone
Scaphoid
Scaphoid fracture on X-ray
Difficult to see, can be misdiagnosed as a severe sprain
Possible secondary effect of scaphoid fracture
Distal fragment susceptible to avascular necrosis
Where is the carpal tunnel
Anterior to carpal bones, posterior to flexor retinaculum
Four things running in the carpal tunnel
- flexor digitorum profundus M
- Superficialis M
- Flexor carpi radialis T
- Median N
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Compression of median N -> parasthesia, anesthesia, pain
Where is the ulnar canal (Guyon’s tunnel)?
Between pisiform + hamulus of hamate
Compression of Guyon’s tunnel
Compresses ulnar N, causes loss of sensation and muscular weakness
Boxer’s fracture
5th metacarpal head fracture
Cause of most glenoid labral tears
Sudden contraction of biceps brachii
Where does the glenoid labrum usually tear?
Anterosuperior aspect
What ligament runs on the sternal end of the clavicle -> inserts onto 1st rib?
Costoclavicular L
Where is the deltoid tubercle?
Scapular spine
Three muscles attaching on greater humeral tubercle
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
Muscle attaching on lesser humeral tubercle
Subscapularis M
What runs in the intertubercular groove of the humerus? What three things attach there?
Long head biceps T runs through it
Attachments: pec major, teres major, lat dorsi
What two things are transmitted in the radial groove on humerus
Radial N, deep brachial A
Types of muscles that have origins on lateral and medial humeral epicondyles
Lateral: antebrachial extensors
Medial: antebrachial flexors
Where is the groove for ulnar N?
Medial humeral epicondyle
What do trochlea and capitulum articulate with?
Trochlea: trochlear notch of ulna
Capitulum: radial head
What attaches on the ulnar tuberosity?
Brachialis M
What attaches on the supinator crest of the ulna?
Supinator M
Where is ulnar head vs radial head?
Ulnar: distal
Radial: proximal
What attaches to the radial tuberosity?
Biceps brachii T
Dorsal tubercle of radius function
Pulley for extensor pollicis longus M
Which bone is the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?
Scaphoid
Largest carpal bone
Capitate
Triangular L of the wrist
Articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint; between ulnar notch of radius + styloid process of ulna
