22: Arthrology: Shoulder and Arm Flashcards
Sternoclavicular joint type
Sellar synovial
Two parts of an articular capsule (present in the joints discussed)
Fibrous capsule, synovial membrane
Costoclavicular L
From sternal end of clavicle -> 1st rib
Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular L’s
Thickened fibrous capsule on anterior/posterior aspect of sternoclavicular joint
Interclavicular L
From sternal end of clavicle -> other clavicle
AC joint type
Planar synovial joint
Two main ligaments of the AC joint
- Acromioclavicular L
2. Coracoclavicular L
Two parts of the coracoclavicular L and what they attach to
Trapezoid L: trapezoid line -> coracoid process
Conoid L: conoid tubercle -> coracoid process
What is referred to with a “shoulder separation”?
AC joint separation
GH joint type
Spheroidal synovial joint
Why is the fibrous capsule of the GH joint open in two places? (two reasons)
- Allow biceps brachii T passage
2. Communicate with subscapular bursa
Two bursae of the GH joint
- Subscapular bursa
2. Subacromial bursa
Four ligaments around the GH joint
- Glenohumeral L
- Coracohumeral L
- Transverse humeral L
- Coracoacromial L
Glenohumeral L
Glenoid labrum -> anatomical humeral neck (blends with fibrous capsule)
Coracohumeral L
Base of coracoid process -> anterior edge of greater tubercle of humerus
Transverse humeral L
Greater humeral tubercle -> lesser humeral tubercle (encapsulates long head of biceps brachii in intertubercular groove)
Coracoacromial arch
Coracoid process + coracoacromial L + acromion
Where is the GH joint most susceptible to dislocation, and why
Anterior/inferior; bc coracoacromial arch prevents superior dislocation
Elbow joint type
Ginglymus synovial joint
What two joints in the elbow have continuous synovial membranes?
Elbow joint proper + proximal radioulnar joint
Two elbow ligaments and their attachments
Ulnar collateral L: medial humeral epi -> coronoid process of ulna
Radial collateral L: lateral humeral epi -> blends with annular L of radial head
Three bands of the UCL of elbow and why theyre important
- Anterior band: strongest
- Posterior band: weakest
- Oblique band: deepens socket for humeral trochlea
Direction most common for elbow dislocation and what usually tears?
Posterior, UCL tear
Common force causing elbow dislocation
Force transmitted along long axis of forearm
Olecranon bursae: three bursae
- Subtendinous olecranon bursa
- Intratendinous olecranon bursa
- Subq olecranon bursa
Two most common elbow bursa to become inflamed + their locations
- Subq olecranon bursa: in subq CT over olecranon
2. Bicipitoradial bursa: between biceps brachii T + radial tuberosity
Three other names for subq olecranon bursitis
Students elbow, dart throwers elbow, miner’s elbow
Three articulations between radius and ulna
Proximal, distal, and middle radioulnar joints
Proximal and distal radioulnar joint type
Trochoid synovial joint
Middle radioulnar joint type
Syndesmosis
Primary site of supination and pronation for radioulnar joints
Proximal radioulnar joint
Where is the synovial membrane of the proximal radioulnar joint
Lines underside of annular L
Sacciform recess
Two of them - Small pocket of synovium that protrudes out from under annular L + small pocket out from under fibrous capsule
Annular L attachments
Coronoid process of ulna -> around radial head -> inserts back onto ulna
Dislocation of radial head out of annular L
Typically from pulling on arm of child, sometimes called Nursemaid’s elbow or pulled elbow
Does the interosseous membrane limit pronation and supination?
No
