288 Pleura

Question 1

Occurs when systemic factors influence formation and absorption of pleural fluid

Answer 1

Transudative

Question 2

Leading cause of transudative pleural effusion in the US

Answer 2

LV failure and cirrhosis

Question 3

Occurs when local factors influence the formation and absorption of pleural fluid

Answer 3

Exudative pleural effusion

Question 4

Leading causes of exudative pleural effusion

Answer 4

Bacterial pneumonia
Malignancy
Viral infection
Pulmonary embolism

Question 5

Lights criteria for exudative pleural effusion. How many of the criteria to be positive?

Answer 5

Pleural fluid protein /serum protein more than 0.5
Pleural fluid LDH/ serum LDH more than 0.6
Pleural fluid LDH more than 2/3 ULN for serum

1 out of 3 means positive

Question 6

How many percent of lights criteria misidentify transudates?

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

Most common cause of pleural effusion

Answer 7

LV failure

Question 8

In patients with heart failure and pleural effusion, when should be thoracentesis be performed?

Answer 8

Fluid not bilateral and comparable in size
Patient is febrile
Patient has pleuritis chest pain

Question 9

A pleural fluid NT pro BNP of what is virtually diagnostic of effusion secondary to congestive heart failure l

Answer 9

NT Pro BNP of more than 1500 pg/ml

Question 10

Mechanism of hepatic hydrothorax

Answer 10

Direct movement of peritoneal fluid through small openings in the diaphragm into the pleural space