28: Liver, Pancreas, Large Intestine Flashcards
falciform ligament
separates right and left liver lobes
bile caniculi
where bile is elaborated
kupffer cells
housekeeping of liver
gluconeogenesis
turn amino acids and triglycerides into glucose
glycogenesis
turns excess glocose into glycogen to store in liver temporarily
glycogenolysis
turns glycogen back into glucose as needed
liver function in carb metabolism
glycogengenesis
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
liver function in lipid metabolism
synth cholesterol
synth lipoproteins (transport FAs and cholestoral)
store fat
break down fatty acids
liver function in protein metabolusm
demaination
transamination
convert resulting toxic ammonia into urea for excretion
symth plasma proteins for clotting and immune system
deamination
remove NH2 (amine group) from amino acids so whats left is used as NRG
transamination
convets one AA to another
Other liver functions
detox blood remove bilirubin relase bile salt store fat sol vits store iron, copper, B12 phagocytosis of old blood cells activate vit D
pacnreatic secretions
secretin
CCk
secretin
acidity in intestine –> inc sodium bicarb release
CCK
fats and proteins cause inc digestive enzyme release
pancreatic juice composition
1.5 quarts/day pH 7.1-8.2 water, enzymes, sodium bicarb pancreatic amylase, lipase proteases riboneclease and deoxyribonuclease
riboneclease and deoxyribonuclease
to digest nucleic acids from cells
pancreatic proteases
trypsinogen: activated by brush border enzyme
chymotrypsiongen: activated by trypsin
procarboxyoeotidase: activated by trypsin
protease: activated by trypsin
trypsin inhibitor: combines with trypsin
gastroilial reflex
stomach full, gastrin hormone relaxes ileocecal sphincter so SI will empty into LI
gastrocolic reflex
stomach fills, strong persitalic wave moves contents of transverse colon to rectum
how LI moves stuff
smooth muscle for digestion
haustra churing to move to next pouch
bacteria and LI
bacteria ferment undigested carbs into CO2 and methan case. undigested protens into simpler things
insoluble fiber
really good one
woody parst of plats
speed up transit time
soluble fiber
gel like
lower bad cholesterol by preventing reabs of bile salts so cholesterol can make more bile instead of cause probs
defecation
gastrocolic relflex moves feces to rectum
stretch receptors signal sacral spinal cord
Parasymp nerves contract muscles of rectumand relax internal sphincter
external sphincter: voluntary control
