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PSIO 202 5 Digestion > 27: Small Intestine > Flashcards

27: Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

length of Small intestine

A

10 ft in live people

19.7 in cadavers due to muscle tone loss

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2
Q

length of the 3 sections

A

duodenum: 10 inches
jejunum: 8..2 feet
ileum: 11.5 feet
ends at ileocecal valve

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3
Q

absorptive cells

A

microvilli

most absorption happens at surface of microvilli

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4
Q

goblet cells

A

has signficant area where secretion can hapen

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5
Q

eteroendcorine cell

A

secretes secritin, cholecystokin, GIP (hormones)

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6
Q

cell type (epithelium)

A

simple columnar epi

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7
Q

4 cell types of SI

A

absorptive cell
goblet cell
enteroendocrine cell
paneth cell

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8
Q

paneth cell

A

secretes lysosome and capable of phagocytosis

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9
Q

Villi/Microvilli functions

A

inc SA for abs
brush border enzymes on surface–> chem breakdown (carbs and proteins_
cell division at base: new cells that move up

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10
Q

Carb digestion enzymes

A

mouth: salivary amylase
stomach: mechanical
duodenum: pancreatic amylase
brush border enzymes: maltase, sucrase, lactase

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11
Q

brush border enzymes:

A

maltase, sucrase, lactase
produce monosaccharides from disaccarides
lactose intolerance: no lactase: bacteria ferment the sugar

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12
Q

Glucose and galactose absorption into epicells:

A

glucose and galactose: sodium symporter (2ndary active transport)

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13
Q

movement of monosacchs out of epis into bloodstream

A

facilitated diffusion

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14
Q

Protein digestion locations

A

stomach
SI
brush border enzymes

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15
Q

Protein digestion in stomach

A

HCl denatures proteins

pepsin turns into peptides (AA chains)

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16
Q

Protein digestion in SI

A

pancreatic enzymes: split peptide bonds between different AAs

17
Q

Protein digestion in brush border enzyme

A

aminopeptidase: split AAs at amino end
dipeptidase: split dipeptides

18
Q

absorption of amino acids and dipeps into epicells of duodenum and jejjunm

A

active transport (2ndary) with Na+ or H+ ions (symporters)

19
Q

movement into blood stream of amino acids

A

diffusion

20
Q

Lipid digestion locations

A

mouth
stomach
SI

21
Q

Lipid digestion in mouth

A

lingual lipase

22
Q

Lipid digestion in stomach

A

gastirc lipase

infants

23
Q

Lipid digestion in SI

A

emulsification by bile from liver–> miscells
pancreatic lipase: split triglyccerides into FAs and monoglycerides
no lipase in brush border!

24
Q

Water absorption

A

9 L enter GI tract daiily
SI absorbs 8 L
LI absorbs 90% of last liter
abs by osmosis through cell walls into vascular capps in villi

25
Q

Absorption of vitamins

A

fat soluble
water soluble
B12: problem causer

26
Q

abso of fat soluble vitamins

A

travel in micelles and absorbed by simple diffusion with lipids

27
Q

abso of water soluble vitamins

A

diffusion

28
Q

B12 abs

A

has to combine with intrinsic factor from stomach p-cells b4 transport to ileum. abs by receptor mediated endocytosis

29
Q

electrolyte sources

A 
GI exocrine secretions
foods and liqueds
diffusion by diffusion and 2ndary AT
NA and K
Cl-, iodine, nitrate
iron, magnesium, phosphate
CA++
30
Q

sodium and potassium abso

A

active transport

31
Q

chloride, iodide, nitrate abso

A

passive

32
Q

iron, magnesium, phospate

A

active transport

33
Q

intestinal Ca++

A

requires vit. D and PTH

34
Q

abso of small/short chain fatty acids

A

simple diffusion into abso cells and bloodstream

b/c easy to get through lipid bilayer

35
Q

abso of larger lipids/long chain FAs/ monoglycerides

A

seqestered w/in micelles after emulsification (bile)

enter cells by simple diffusion, leave bile salts in gut

36
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

enter cell with the lipid

37
Q

lipids inside epi cells

A

fats rebuilt into triglycerides, coated with proteins to make chylomicrons

38
Q

chylomicrons leave…

A

by exocytosis into a lacteal
travel in lymph system to reach subclavian veins
removed from blood by liver and fat tissue

39
Q

fructose absorption into epicells:

A

facillitated diffusion

PSIO 202 5 Digestion (6 decks)

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