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PSIO 202 5 Digestion > 26: Stomach > Flashcards

26: Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal cell function: the players

A

HCL dissociate in to hydrogen and bicarb

  1. proton pump (hydrogen potassium)
  2. potassium and chloride channles
  3. carbonic anhydrase
  4. bicarb/chloride antiporter
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2
Q

Parietal cell function

A

hydrogen out, sodium in
potassium goes out and recycles continuously
so we get rid of H ions

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3
Q

Parietal cell function 2

A

Bicarb/cholride antiporter:
chloride comes in, and exits. like K
bicarb stays and diffuses into blood vessle

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4
Q

stomach is like a

A

washing machiene/grinder

to produce chyme and finish what mouth didn’t

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5
Q

mechanical digestion

A

gentle waves in stomach to mix bolus with juices
more vigours from body to stomach to pyloric region to move chyme
intense near pyloriys to opening of pyloric sphincter to squirt out teaspoons (1-2 per wave)

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6
Q

protein digestion

A

starts in stomach
HCl denatures protein molecs
HCl activates pesinogen to pepsin to break peptide bonds to A.As

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7
Q

Fat digestion

A

continues in stomach

gastric lipase splits triglycercides (but most effective at pH 5-6) (infant stomach)

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8
Q

HCl also

A

kills microbes

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9
Q

Mucous

A

keeps stomach walls from being digested

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10
Q

Things stomach absorbs

A

water
electrolytes
drugs (asprin)
fat (to slow passage of alcohol to intestine where it is quicker)
alcohol (more slowly if fat taken in too)

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11
Q

Cephalic Phase

A 
anticipation 
prepare mouth and stomach 
sight, smell, memories, thoughts of food
salivation (facial and Glossopharyngeal)
gastic glands secrete gastric juices (Vagus)
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12
Q

Gastric Phase

A

breakdown of material

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13
Q

Intestinal Phase

A

controlled release of chyme

entry into duodenoum slows gastic activity, inc intestinal activity

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14
Q

Neural influence on Gastric Phase

A

strech receptors and chemoreceptors–> signal bolus entry
vigorous peristalsis and gastric gland secretions
chyme periodically released into duodenum

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15
Q

Endocrine influences on Gastric Phase

A

distention and pressure of food= G cells secrete gastrin

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16
Q

gastrin

A

inc gastric gland secretions and motillity

causes pyloric sphincter relaxation

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17
Q

Neural influence on Intesinal Phase

A

distension of duodenum and chem contents of chyme= activated symp nerves
this slows gastric activity

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18
Q

Endocrine influnce on Intesinal Phase

A

distension of duodenum and contents of chyme= hormonal release from dnteroendocrine cells here
secretin
cholecystokinin (CCK)

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19
Q

secretin

A

dec stomach secretions

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20
Q

CCK

A

dec stomach emptying

21
Q

gatric emptying

A

inc as bolus enters stomach

22
Q

distension of stomach and presence of food in it causes

A

secretion of gastric and vagaal nerve impulses

23
Q

secretion of gastric and vagaal nerve impulses stimulates

A

contraction of lower esophogeal spincter and stomach

relaxation of pylorc sphincter for emptying

24
Q

Enterogastric reflex regulates

A

regulate amount of chyme released into duodenum

CCK and secretin relases

25
Q

CCK and secretic both

A

stim symp impulses and inhibit gastric emptying

26
Q

Enterogastric reflex initiated by

A

distension of duodenum and contents of chyme

sensory impulses sent to medulla to inhibit parasymp stim of stomach

27
Q

2 types of influence for intestinal and gastric phases

A

neural

endocrine

28
Q

smooth muscle control

A

involuntary
mostly ANS
ACH and norepi
membrane potential -50 to -60

29
Q

smooth muscle types

A

single/unitary
multiunit
categorized by manner of excitation

30
Q

unitary SM

A

walls of GI tract
gall baldder walls
walls of urinary bladder
may not be in contact with motor neuron

31
Q

Unitar SM is

A

autorythmic
connect via gap junction: transmit APs from one fiber to another
adhering to eachother=transmission of force
slow synched graded contraction

32
Q

conexons

A

entire unit and channels between cells

33
Q

conexens

A

the individual cells that make up the unit

34
Q

genotypes and phenotypes

A

want conexons that have same numbers so that channels work most efficiently

35
Q

function syncytium

A

a group of cells that get one nervous system input. react as a group!

36
Q

how smooth and skeletal muscle differ (smooth described)

A

SR poorly developed (SM)
thick filaments of SM have actin grabbing heads entire lengthen
thick and thin filaments arranged diagonally within cell for twisting motion

37
Q

circular muscle

A

contracting at right angles to each other

38
Q

smooth muscle varicosities

A

little bumps

release neurotransmitters into diffuse junctons of SM fiber

39
Q

special features of SM (about contraction)

A

can sustain contraction for a long time without tiring at small NRG cost
maintains low level of tone even w/o APs
stress relaxation response

40
Q

Stress relaxation in SM

A

stretch causes inc in tension
tension decs w/in 1-2 minutes
allows SM to change length but maintain ability to contract (important for storage organs)
never goes down to zero!

41
Q

Length-tension relationship

A

SM operate over wider range of resting lengths

generally broader length-tension relationships in SM compared to skeletal muscle

42
Q

proton pump of parietal cell

A

pushes H out of cell

H+/K+ ATPase

43
Q

antiporter

A

Cl-/HCO3-

44
Q

why do we cross parietal cell?

A

to get into blood stream

45
Q

where do CO2 and H2O come from

A

CO2: metabolism

H2O just in cell

46
Q

carbonic anhydrase in parietal cell

A

major in disposing of cellular waste

47
Q

Goal of parietal cell

A

to secrete HCl!

48
Q

what makes CA?

A

H2O and CO2 make carbonic anhydrase

49
Q

CA dissociates into

A

bicarb and H… we need to get rid of this

PSIO 202 5 Digestion (6 decks)

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