28 Amines

Question 1

primary amines

Answer 1

RNH2

Question 2

secondary amines

Answer 2

R2NH

Question 3

terry amines

Answer 3

R3N

Question 4

ammonia shape

Answer 4

bond angle 107
(perfect bond angle of 109.5 the difference here is caused by the bond’s repulsion to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen)

Question 5

amines boiling point

Answer 5

polar molecules contains hydrogen (have hydrogen bonding)
Nitrogen is less electronegative than oxygen, so their hydrogen bonds are weaker
short chain amines are gases at room temperature

Question 6

amine solubility

Answer 6

amines up to C4 are very soluble in water and in alcohol sue to their hydrogen bonding
most amines are soluble in less polar solvents

Question 7

amines as bases

Answer 7

weak base
proton (H+) acceptor
the lone pair of electrons on the N atoms is what can accept the proton and forms a dative covalent bond with it

Question 8

amines forming salts

Answer 8

from salts when they react with an acid

Question 9

strength of a base

Answer 9

depends on how readily it will accept a proton

primary alkyl amines (stronger base)

Question 10

inductive effect

Answer 10

alkyl group bonded to the nitrogen release electrons, increasing the electron density on the nitrogen and so making it a stronger proton acceptor

primary alkyl amines are stronger bases than ammonia

secondary alkyl amines have more alkyl groups to push electrons to the nitrogen and so are stronger bases than primary alklamines

tertiary alkyl amines are not stronger bases because they are less soluble in water

Question 11

primary aromatic amines

Answer 11

benzene ring on the phenyl amine does the opposite to the alkyl amines

electron density of the ring overlaps with the p-orbitals on the nitrogen, this draws electrons away from the nitrogen, making it a weaker base than ammonia 
secondly.       
primary
terry.       gets weaker
ammonia
phenyl amine

Question 12

uses of amines

Answer 12

used in the manufacture of synthetic materials scubas nylon, dyes and drugs
hair and fabric conditions

Question 13

base

Answer 13

ab electro pair donator

Question 14

inductive effect

Answer 14

the electron realsing effect of alkyl groups

Question 15

Primary aliphatic amines

Answer 15

Primary aliphatic amines can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with halogenoalkanes and by the reduction of nitriles.

Question 16

properties of amines

Answer 16

nucleophiles
weak base
The difference in base strength between ammonia, primary aliphatic and primary aromatic amines
(base strength in terms of the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the N atom)

Question 17

nucleophilic substitution

Answer 17

The nucleophilic substitution reactions of ammonia and amines with halogenoalkanes to form primary, secondary, tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts.