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Biology > 2.8 > Flashcards

2.8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define cell

A

Basic structure and functional unit of life

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2
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of cells that carry out a specific function

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3
Q

Differentation

A

Cell or tissue specialization

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4
Q

Adhesion

A

Cells sticking to nearby cells

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5
Q

Morphology

A

Form and structure of organism

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6
Q

Simple multicellularity

A
  1. Reproductive and somatic cells
  2. Adhesive molecules to maintain unified structures
  3. Limited signaling and sharing of resources
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7
Q

Complex Mc

A
  1. Reproductive, somatic and other complex cells
  2. Adhesive molecules to maintain structure
  3. Organized signaling and resource sharing
    4. Tissue differentiation and program cell death
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8
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell 

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9
Q

Convergent evolution

A

When we have traits shared by an organism when they do not have a common ancestor

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10
Q

What are the six groups that complex MC evolved from

A
  1. Green algae
  2. Land plants
    3. Brown algae
  3. Fungi
  4. Red algae
    6. animals
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11
Q

Where are complex multicellularity and simple multicellularity found in what cells?

A
  1. Complex Mc only in eukaryotes
  2. Simple Mc prokaryotes
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12
Q

Diffusion

A

Things move from a high concentration to a low concentration to eventually even out
- exchanging with the environment through diffusion

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13
Q

How does complex mc and simple mc obtain energy

A
  1. Complex mc use adhered molecules and cell differentiation (eukaryotes)
  2. Simple MC  go through diffusion which are prokaryotes
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14
Q

Why cant eukaryotes diffuse for energy?

A
  • in complex MC a diffusion does not provide enough oxygen for the cells to survive and keep the metabolic process from continuing
  • diffusion is too slow and can’t exchange fast enough
    -diffusion limit organism size bc not enough nutrients to provide for the large size
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15
Q

How do you complex MC transport oxygen?

A

Bulk transport- transports nutrients to the cells in bulk

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16
Q

What is responsible for bulk transport

A

Respiratory and circulatory system

17
Q

Circulatory system

A

Takes oxygen throughout the body to the cell

18
Q

Respiratory system

A

Takes in oxygen

19
Q

Vascular plant transport

A

Responsible for bringing H2O and phloem which are ion sugars does the plant use up the root

20
Q

What are our eukaryotes doing with O2 and CO2

A

They are taking in O2 and releasing CO2

21
Q

What are the two basic requirements from MC

A
  1. Cell to cell adhesion to form a unit made of more than one cell
  2. Cell to cell communication
22
Q

In cell communication

A

-All cells have transmembrane proteins that send signals from environment
-in complex MC organisms have microscopic passageways across cell walls/ membrane 

23
Q

What are the three junctions to keep only animal cells together?

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Anchoring junctions
    3. Gap junctions
24
Q

Tight junctions

A

They prevent leakage

25
Q

Anchor junctions

A

Anchor cells together (Holding them together)

26
Q

Gap junctions

A

They direct chemical communication

27
Q

What are the different pathways in the plant cells 

A

Apoplastic pathway (travels through cell wall)
Symplastic pathway. ( throuth cytoplasm)

28
Q

What do you need to have a specialized tissue

A

Programs of development

29
Q

Programs of development

A

Genetic program with well defined molecular signaling networks

30
Q

What are hox genes

A

They give specialized regions of the body plan

31
Q

What cells have hox genes

A

Only eukaryotes

32
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic and how genetic material stored

A

Eukaryotes can store large numbers of genes And many initiation sites (Initiating where will start Replication)
Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome

Biology (4 decks)

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