2.6.6- Animal Tissue Types

Question 1

Explain what nervous tissue is.

Answer 1

It is made of cells specialised to conduct electrical impulses.

Question 2

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 2

Made of cells that are specialised to contract and cause movement.

Question 3

Explain what connective tissue is.

Answer 3

These hold structures together and provide support- eg. Blood, bone and cartridge.

Question 4

Define what tissue is.

Answer 4

A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function(s).

Question 5

What is the main type of connective tissue?

Answer 5

Cartridge.

Question 6

Epithelial tissue had no _______ cells.

Answer 6

Blood

Question 7

Explain how epithelial cells get their nutrients when they have no blood cells.

Answer 7

They get them by diffusion from below tissue fluid.

Question 8

Explain how epithelial tissue is made up.

Answer 8

Made mostly of very close cells that are bound by lateral contacts (eg. Desmosomes).

Question 9

Epithelial cells have ________ cell cycles.

Answer 9

Short.

Question 10

How often does the short cell cycle of epithelial cells allow them to divide?

Answer 10

2-3 times a day.

Question 11

Why do epithelial cells need a very short cell cycle?

Answer 11

To replace broken or damaged tissue quickly and efficiently.

Question 12

Epithelial tissue is specialised for what four functions?

Answer 12

Excretion
Protection
Filtration
Absorption

Question 13

List five characteristics of epithelial tissue.

Answer 13

• made of v.close cells bound by lateral contacts
• no blood cells- get nutrients by diffusion from tissue fluid below
• short cell cycles- 2-3x a day divide
• specialised for absorption, filtration, protection and excretion
• smooth surfaces (unless ciliated)

Question 14

Describe where epithelial tissue can be found.

Answer 14

Where free surfaces in the body needs to be lined- skin, digestive and respiratory system cavities, blood vessels, heart chambers, organ walls.

Question 15

Explain what connective tissue consists of.

Answer 15

A non living extra cellular matrix that contains polysaccharides (eg. hyaluronic acid that traps water) and proteins (eg. Collagen and elastin).

Question 16

Explain the function of the non living extracellular matrix of connective tissue.

Answer 16

It separates the living cells within the tissue and enables it to withstand forces like weight.

Question 17

Explain how the matrix in cartridge (a type of connective tissue) is maintained.

Answer 17

Immature cells in cartridge are ‘chondroblasts’ that divide by mitosis and secrete the extracellular matrix and once the matrix is synthesised, chondroblasts become mature ‘Chondocytes’ that maintains the matrix.

Question 18

List the three types of cartridge.

Answer 18

Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic

Question 19

Explain where hyaline cartridge is found in the body.

Answer 19

It forms the embryonic skeleton, covers the end of long bones in adults, joins the ribs and sternum, the larynx, the nose and in C shaped rings in the trachea.

Question 20

Explain where fibrous cartridge is found.

Answer 20

It occurs in discs between the vertebrae in the spine and in the knees joints.

Question 21

Explain where elastic cartridge is found.

Answer 21

It makes up the outer ear (pinna) and the epiglottis- the flap that closes over the larynx when you swallow.

Question 22

Muscle cells are _______.

Answer 22

Fibres.

Question 23

Muscle Cells contain special organelles called __________.

Answer 23

Myofilaments.

Question 24

Explain the need for myofilaments in muscle cells.

Answer 24

The myofilaments (made of actin and myosin- proteins) allow the muscle tissue to contract.

Question 25

Muscle tissue is well ___________.

Answer 25

Vascularised.

Question 26

Muscle tissue is well vascularised. What does this mean?

Answer 26

It has many blood cells.

Question 27

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 27

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 28

Explain where skeletal muscle is found and why it is needed.

Answer 28

Packaged by connective tissue sheets, joined to bones by tendons, these muscles cause bones to move when they contract.

Question 29

Where is cardiac muscle found and what is its function?

Answer 29

It makes up the walls of the heart ad allows the heart to beat and pump out blood.

Question 30

Explain where smooth muscle if found and the need for it in the body.

Answer 30

It occurs in the walls of the intestine, blood vessels, uterus and urinary tract. It propels substances along these tracts.

Question 31

List the four types of animal tissue.

Answer 31

Epithelial, muscle, connective and nervous.