2.6.6- Animal Tissue Types Flashcards
Explain what nervous tissue is.
It is made of cells specialised to conduct electrical impulses.
What is muscle tissue?
Made of cells that are specialised to contract and cause movement.
Explain what connective tissue is.
These hold structures together and provide support- eg. Blood, bone and cartridge.
Define what tissue is.
A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function(s).
What is the main type of connective tissue?
Cartridge.
Epithelial tissue had no _______ cells.
Blood
Explain how epithelial cells get their nutrients when they have no blood cells.
They get them by diffusion from below tissue fluid.
Explain how epithelial tissue is made up.
Made mostly of very close cells that are bound by lateral contacts (eg. Desmosomes).
Epithelial cells have ________ cell cycles.
Short.
How often does the short cell cycle of epithelial cells allow them to divide?
2-3 times a day.
Why do epithelial cells need a very short cell cycle?
To replace broken or damaged tissue quickly and efficiently.
Epithelial tissue is specialised for what four functions?
Excretion
Protection
Filtration
Absorption
List five characteristics of epithelial tissue.
- made of v.close cells bound by lateral contacts
- no blood cells- get nutrients by diffusion from tissue fluid below
- short cell cycles- 2-3x a day divide
- specialised for absorption, filtration, protection and excretion
- smooth surfaces (unless ciliated)
Describe where epithelial tissue can be found.
Where free surfaces in the body needs to be lined- skin, digestive and respiratory system cavities, blood vessels, heart chambers, organ walls.
Explain what connective tissue consists of.
A non living extra cellular matrix that contains polysaccharides (eg. hyaluronic acid that traps water) and proteins (eg. Collagen and elastin).
Explain the function of the non living extracellular matrix of connective tissue.
It separates the living cells within the tissue and enables it to withstand forces like weight.
Explain how the matrix in cartridge (a type of connective tissue) is maintained.
Immature cells in cartridge are ‘chondroblasts’ that divide by mitosis and secrete the extracellular matrix and once the matrix is synthesised, chondroblasts become mature ‘Chondocytes’ that maintains the matrix.
List the three types of cartridge.
Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic
Explain where hyaline cartridge is found in the body.
It forms the embryonic skeleton, covers the end of long bones in adults, joins the ribs and sternum, the larynx, the nose and in C shaped rings in the trachea.
Explain where fibrous cartridge is found.
It occurs in discs between the vertebrae in the spine and in the knees joints.
Explain where elastic cartridge is found.
It makes up the outer ear (pinna) and the epiglottis- the flap that closes over the larynx when you swallow.
Muscle cells are _______.
Fibres.
Muscle Cells contain special organelles called __________.
Myofilaments.
Explain the need for myofilaments in muscle cells.
The myofilaments (made of actin and myosin- proteins) allow the muscle tissue to contract.
Muscle tissue is well ___________.
Vascularised.
Muscle tissue is well vascularised. What does this mean?
It has many blood cells.
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Explain where skeletal muscle is found and why it is needed.
Packaged by connective tissue sheets, joined to bones by tendons, these muscles cause bones to move when they contract.
Where is cardiac muscle found and what is its function?
It makes up the walls of the heart ad allows the heart to beat and pump out blood.
Explain where smooth muscle if found and the need for it in the body.
It occurs in the walls of the intestine, blood vessels, uterus and urinary tract. It propels substances along these tracts.
List the four types of animal tissue.
Epithelial, muscle, connective and nervous.
