26.4 carboxylic acid derivatives

Question 1

draw the general structural formula of an ester

Answer 1

page 466

Question 2

draw the general structural formula of an acyl chloride

Answer 2

page 466

Question 3

draw the general structural formula of an acid anhydride

Answer 3

page 466

Question 4

draw the general structural formula of an amide

Answer 4

page 466

Question 5

how do you name esters?

Answer 5

• 1st name is derived from the alcohol
• ends in yl
• 2nd name is derived from the carboxylic acid
• ends in oate

Question 6

draw the equation for the formation of an acyl chloride

Answer 6

page 466

Question 7

how do you name acyl chlorides?

Answer 7

• remove -oic acid from the ester

- add oyl chloride

Question 8

draw the equation for the formation of acid anhydrides

Answer 8

page 467

Question 9

what are the conditions and reagents needed for adding alcohol and carboxylic acids together?

Answer 9

concentrated sulfuric acid (catalyst)

warmed

Question 10

draw the equation of the reaction of propanoic acid and ethanol

Answer 10

page 467

Question 11

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 11

chemical breakdown of a compound in the presence of water or in aqueous solution

Question 12

what are the conditions and reagents needed for the acid hydrolysis of esters?

Answer 12

• reflux

- dilute aqueous acid

Question 13

what are the conditions and reagents needed for the alkaline hydrolysis of esters?

Answer 13

• reflux

- aqueous alkali

Question 14

how do you prepare acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids?

Answer 14

carboxylic acid + SOCl2 -> acyl chloride + SO2(g) + HCl(g)

Question 15

write the general equation of acyl chlorides reacting with alcohols

Answer 15

acyl chloride + alcohol -> ester + HCl

Question 16

write the general equation of acyl chlorides reacting with phenol

Answer 16

acyl chloride + phenol -> ester + HCl

Question 17

write the general equation of acyl chlorides reacting with water

Answer 17

acyl chloride + H2O -> carboxylic acid + HCl