26.1 carbonyl compounds

Question 1

how do you write the structural formula of an aldehyde group?

Answer 1

CHO

Question 2

how do you write the structural formula of a ketone group?

Answer 2

CO

Question 3

what suffix does aldehyde have?

Answer 3

-al

Question 4

what suffix does ketones have?

Answer 4

-one

Question 5

what are the reagents and conditions needed for the oxidation of aldehydes?

Answer 5

• potassium dichromate

- sulphuric acid

Question 6

what is the colour change when aldehydes are oxidised?

Answer 6

orange -> green

Question 7

what is a nucleophile?

Answer 7

electron pair acceptor

Question 8

how would you describe the polarity of C=C?

Answer 8

non- polar

Question 9

how would you describe the polarity of C=O?

Answer 9

polar

Question 10

what is the characteristic mechanism for C=C?

Answer 10

electrophilic addition

Question 11

what is the characteristic mechanism for C=O?

Answer 11

nucleophilic addition

Question 12

what do aldehydes reduce to?

Answer 12

primary alcohols

Question 13

what do ketones reduce to?

Answer 13

secondary alcohols

Question 14

what conditions and reagents are used in the reduction of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids?

Answer 14

NaBH4

H2O

Question 15

what is used to represent a reducing agent?

Answer 15

[H]

Question 16

how is HCN provided in the reaction of carbonyl compounds with HCN?

Answer 16

react NaCN with H2SO4

Question 17

why is the reaction of carbonyl compounds with HCN useful?

Answer 17

provides a means of increasing the length of the carbon chain

Question 18

why is HCN hazardous?

Answer 18

boils slightly above room temperature and is extremely poisonous

Question 19

draw the mechanism for propanone with NaBH4

Answer 19

page 458

Question 20

draw the mechanism for propanal with HCN

Answer 20

page 459

Question 21

what are the conditions and reagents needed for the reaction on an aldehyde/ ketone to form a hydroxynitrile?

Answer 21

NaCN

H+