26.1 carbonyl compounds Flashcards
how do you write the structural formula of an aldehyde group?
CHO
how do you write the structural formula of a ketone group?
CO
what suffix does aldehyde have?
-al
what suffix does ketones have?
-one
what are the reagents and conditions needed for the oxidation of aldehydes?
- potassium dichromate
- sulphuric acid
what is the colour change when aldehydes are oxidised?
orange -> green
what is a nucleophile?
electron pair acceptor
how would you describe the polarity of C=C?
non- polar
how would you describe the polarity of C=O?
polar
what is the characteristic mechanism for C=C?
electrophilic addition
what is the characteristic mechanism for C=O?
nucleophilic addition
what do aldehydes reduce to?
primary alcohols
what do ketones reduce to?
secondary alcohols
what conditions and reagents are used in the reduction of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids?
NaBH4
H2O
what is used to represent a reducing agent?
[H]
how is HCN provided in the reaction of carbonyl compounds with HCN?
react NaCN with H2SO4
why is the reaction of carbonyl compounds with HCN useful?
provides a means of increasing the length of the carbon chain
why is HCN hazardous?
boils slightly above room temperature and is extremely poisonous
draw the mechanism for propanone with NaBH4
page 458
draw the mechanism for propanal with HCN
page 459
what are the conditions and reagents needed for the reaction on an aldehyde/ ketone to form a hydroxynitrile?
NaCN
H+
