2.6 Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards
What does mammals blood contain and what does it transport
Mammals blood contains plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells
It transports nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide
Why are red blood cells specialised
Red blood cells are specialised by being biconcave in shape, having no nucleus and containing haemoglobin. This allows them to transport oxygen efficiently in the form of oxyhemoglobin
What are white blood cells part of
White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens
What are the two main cells involved in the immune cells
The two main cells in the immune system are phagocytes and lymphocytes
Describe how phagocytes and lymphocytes destroy pathogens
Phagocytes are large cells and they carry out a process called phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens
Lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen
Describe the pathway of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through the heart, lungs and body
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the body through the vena cava. It then travels through the right atrium, valve, right ventricle, valve and pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery takes the blood to the lungs to become oxygenated and is returned to the heart through the pulmonary vein. The blood then travels through the left atrium, valve, left ventricle, valve and aorta.
Be able to label a diagram of the heart
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What do arteries have and do
Arteries have thick, muscular walls, a wider channel and carry blood under high pressure away from the heart
State what veins have
Veins have thinner walls, a wider channel and carry blood under low pressure back towards the heart. Veins contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood
What are capillaries
Capillaries are thin walled and have a large surface area, forming networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient exchange of materials
