26 Nov Flashcards
Half life of parathyroid hormone
2-4 min
How many amino acid in parathyroid hormone
84 amino acid
What happen to chloride in primary hyperparathyroidism
Increase
Indication of parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism
-Serum calcium > 11.5 mg/dl
• Hypercalciuria > 400mg/day (Normal <200 mg/day)
• Presence of signs and symptoms
– Nephrolithiasis
– Osteitis fibrosa Cystica
– Neuromuscular symptoms
• Markedly reduced cortical bone density
• Decreased creatinine clearance
• Patient age < 50 years
• Markedly reduced cancellous bone density
– Spine
Normal serum phosphate
2.5-4.5
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
What is the imaging modalities to localize the parathyroid adenoma
Sestamibi scan
What is the clinical manifestations of pseudo hypo parathyroid
Short stature
Short 4th and 5th metacarpal
Round face
Mental retardation
Drug that cause hypercalcemia
Thiazide diuretics
Lithium
Vit D
Vit A
Drug that cause hypocalcemia
Loop diuretic
Calcitonin
Bisphosphonate
Most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adult
Pheochromacytoma
What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency
Autoimmune adrenalitis
What is the most sensitive test for pheochromacytoma
Plasma free metanephrines
Klinfilter syndrome biopsy
Seminiferous tubules fibrosis
Leydig cells hyperplasia
Drug that cause erectlie dysfunction
SSRI
Beta blocker
Thiazides
Dopamine antagonist
Arrange the type of pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
Non functioning
GH secreting adenoma
ACTH secreting adenoma
Complication of acromegaly
HTN
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Cardiomyopathy
Arrthymia
Valvular disease
Impaired glucose tolerance and DM
Colorectal polyp and cancer
Thyroid enlargement and cancer
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Cerebral aneurysm
Hypopituitarism
What is the 2 most common tumor of liver
1-HCC
2-intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
A genetic syndrome that increase the risk to cholangiocarcinoma
Lynch syndrome
