2.6. Mitotic phase Flashcards
What 2 stages does the mitotic phase involve?
- mitosis
* cytokinesis
What occurs in mitosis?
Nucleus divides
What happens in cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced
What are the phases of mitosis?
- interphase
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
What happens during interphase?
- the chromatin are not visible
- DNA unraveled and replicated
- organelles replicated
- increase in ATP
What happens in prophase?
- chromosomes condense and become visible
- centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell and begin to form spindles
- nucleolus disappears
- breakdown of nuclear membrane
What happens in metaphase?
- chromosomes line up along the equator
* spindle fibres attach centrioles to chromosomes
What happens at the metaphase checkpoint?
Cell checks that all the chromosomes are attached to the spindle before mitosis can continue
What happens during anaphase?
- centromeres split allowing sister chromatids to separate
* chromatids move toward poles, centromeres first
What happens during telophase?
- chromatids reach the opposite poles on the spindle
- spindle fibres disperse
- nuclear membranes form
What happens during cytokinesis?
- cytoplasm divides
* two daughter cells genetically to the parent cell and each other form
What is another word for daughter cells being genetically identical?
Clones
What does mitosis do?
It increases the cell number for growth and repair
What is a chromatid?
Half a chromosome
What is the centromere?
The middle of the chromosomes where chromatids join
What is mitosis?
Process of cell division in eukaryotic cells
What is special about mitosis in animal cells?
- centrioles involved which form spindles to pull apart chromatids
- cytokinesis- furrow forms increasing indention until 2 cells completely separate
- occurs in tissues throughout the body
What is special about mitosis in plant cells?
- no centrioles - spindle fibres form from free microtubules that assemble at one point
- Golgi apparatus sends vesicles filled with polysaccharides to equator region. Vesicles fuse and form cell plate which develops into cell wall separating the daughter cells
- occurs mainly in meristems
In animal cells a furrow forms to separate daughter cells what happens in plant?
Vesicles from Golgi apparatus fuse at equator to form cell plate which develops into cell wall
Where does mitosis occur in animals?
Tissues and body cells
Where does mitosis occur in plant cells?
In meristems
