26. Congenital anomalies of the kidney

Question 1

when are C.A of the kidneys discorveres

Answer 1

• routine investigations
• vague sx e.g.
  
  • pain: loin/ suprapubic
  • reccurrrent uti’s e.g. horseshoe kidney
    *

Question 2

why does horseshoe kidney increase the risk of reccurent UTI’s

Answer 2

increases risk of stones and uti’s

Question 3

what are the types of congenital anomalies of the kidney

Answer 3

1. d/2 change in number
   
   1. Unilateral Renal Agenesis: missing/ blind ending ureters
   2. Bilateral Renal Agenesis: abscence of both kidneys
   3. Supernumeracy kidney: an extra kidney
   4. Double kidney
   5. Multiple kidneys
2. d/2 change in shape
   
   1. ​Horseshoe kidney: mc fusion anomaly of kidney
   2. Discoid kidney: pancake shaped
   3. Lobulated kidney
   4. L-shaped kidney
3. d.2 change in position
   
   1. Ectopic kidney: in thoracic/lumbar/ pelvic
   2. Crossed Renal Ectopia: crosses to other side below normal kidney
      
      • *​**
4. d.2 change in volume
   
   1. ​Renal Hypoplasia: smaller than usual
   2. Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy: abscence of kidney causes remaining kidney to enlargw d/2 increased work
   3. Aberrant Renal Vessels: occurs in fixed/fused kidneys vessesl perforate kidney substance isntead of entering he jilum
   4. Congenital Cystic kidney Disease

Question 4

C,A of kidney d.2 change in number

Answer 4

• Unilateral Renal Agenesis: missing/ blind ending ureters
• Bilateral Renal Agenesis: abscence of both kidneys
• Supernumeracy kidney: an extra kidney
• Double kidney
• Multiple kidneys

Question 5

C.A d/2 change in shape

Answer 5

• Horseshoe kidney: mc fusion anomaly of kidney
• Discoid kidney: pancake shaped
• Lobulated kidney
• L-shaped kidney

Question 6

C.A of kidney d.2 change in position

Answer 6

1. Ectopic kidney: in thoracic/lumbar/ pelvic
2. Crossed Renal Ectopia: crosses to other side below normal kidney

Question 7

C.A of kidney d.2 change in volume

Answer 7

• Renal Hypoplasia: smaller than usual
• Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy: abscence of kidney causes remaining kidney to enlargw d/2 increased work
• Aberrant Renal Vessels: occurs in fixed/fused kidneys vessesl perforate kidney substance isntead of entering he jilum
• Congenital Cystic kidney Disease