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B1 M2 - Physics > 2.5 Wave Motion and Sound (Lvl 2) > Flashcards

2.5 Wave Motion and Sound (Lvl 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mechanical wave?

A

An oscillation of matter.

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2
Q

What are types of mechanical waves?

A

Sound waves
Slinky Waves
Water Waves.

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3
Q

What does a mechanical wave require to transmit energy?

A

A medium.

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4
Q

What type of medium does sound waves require?

A

Air molecules.

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5
Q

What type of medium does Slinky wave require?

A

A slinky.

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6
Q

What type of medium does ocean waves require?

A

Water.

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7
Q

Where can’t mechanical waves exist?

A

In a vacuum.

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8
Q

What can mechanical waves be classified as?

A

Transverse or longitudinal, depending on how they travel.

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9
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

Where it causes the medium to vibrate at a 90 degree angle to the direction of the wave.

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10
Q

What is the highest point of the wave called?

A

Crest

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11
Q

What is the lowest point of the wave called?

A

Trough

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12
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

Displacement of the medium that is parallel to the propagation of the wave.

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13
Q

What is it called when the particles travelling through a wave are close to together?

A

Compression.

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14
Q

What is it called when the particles travelling through a wave are spread apart?

A

Rarefaction (Expansion).

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15
Q

What is an example of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound Waves.

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16
Q

What is an example of a transverse waves?

A

Water waves.

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of a sine wave?

A

Repeats itself at stand intervals with a constant amplitude.

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18
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Is the greatest displacement from the rest point.

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19
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Is the distance from one point on the wave pattern to the next point in a similar position (Peak to Peak).

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20
Q

What is periodic time?

A

The time taken to complete 1 oscillation.

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21
Q

what is frequency?

A

The number of complete oscillations in one second.

22
Q

What is wave interference phenomena?

A

Where two waves meet whilst travelling along the same medium and form a wave of greater, lower or the same amplitude.

It causes the medium to take on a shape the results from the net effect of two individual waves.

23
Q

What is a standing wave also known as?

A

A stationary wave.

24
Q

What is the wider definition of sound?

A

Sounds that include low and high frequency vibrations in air that cannot be heard by humans, and vibrations that travel through all forms of matter (Gas, Liquid and Solids).

25
Q

What does the speed of which sound waves travel at depend on?

A

The medium that the waves pass through.

26
Q

What is the speed of sound, when air is at room temperature?

A

Approx. 343m/s.

27
Q

What is the speed of sound, when in water?

A

Approx. 1500m/s.

28
Q

What is the speed of sound, when through a bar of steel?

A

Approx. 5000m/s

29
Q

Why is it important to consider the speed of sound in terms of the aerodynamics of an aircraft?

A

Because it is the point at which the air becomes increasingly compressible and the flying characteristics change drastically.

30
Q

What is the equation for the speed of sound?

A

c = 20 x SqRoot of T

c = Speed of sound in air (m/s)
T = Temperature (Kelvin).
31
Q

What is Mach Number?

A

It describes the ratio of the speed of an aircraft in relation to the speed of sound.

32
Q

What is the equation for Mach number?

A

M = v/c

M = Mach number
v = speed of object (m/s)
c = speed of sound(m/s).
33
Q

How is sound produced?

A

It is normally a result of a mechanical disturbance on an object causing it to vibrate.

34
Q

What does the loudness of sound depend on?

A

The amplitude of the vibrations and the distance from the source.

35
Q

Where can sound not be transmitted?

A

Through a vacuum.

36
Q

How are sound waves propagated?

A

Longitudinal Waves.

37
Q

What will air have as a result of its density?

A

Low density = Rarefaction

High density = Compression.

38
Q

In sound, what is the result of a higher amplitude?

A

Louder sound.

39
Q

At what decibel can cause permanent damage to a persons hearing?

A

85dB.

40
Q

At what decibel can cause serious pain and permanent damage to a persons hearing?

A

130dB.

41
Q

What does pitch of a sound depend on?

A

The frequency of sound

ie. higher frequency, higher pitch and vice versa.

42
Q

What characteristic of sound enables humans to distinguish between the voices of men and women?

A

The pitch.

43
Q

What is pitch of a tone proportional to?

A

The number of compressions and rarefactions received per second, which is determined by the vibration frequency of the sound source.

44
Q

The property of sound, Quality, is used to do what?

A

To distinguish between 2 sounds of the same pitch and loudness, ie, sounds originating from 2 different musical instruments.

45
Q

What is tone of the lowest frequency called?

A

Fundamental frequency.

46
Q

When a fundamental frequency is determined, what are the other tones known as?

A

Overtones or harmonics.

47
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of sound?

A
  1. Loudness
  2. Pitch
  3. Quality.
48
Q

What is the doppler effect?

A

Describes the change of frequency of a wave caused by the movement of a body relative to the wave source.

49
Q

In simpler terms, what is the doppler effect?

A

The ear hears a higher frequency as the source and observer approach each other,
The ear hears a lower frequency when the source and observer recede from each other.

50
Q

When may the doppler effect be used in aircraft systems?

A

Detecting weather by measuring the motion of rain droplets and intensity of precipitation.

B1 M2 - Physics (9 decks)

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