Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

unit 2 bio > 2.5- structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins > Flashcards

2.5- structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

arteries

capillaries

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does blood circulate around the body?

A

heart –> arteries –> veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens to blood pressure as it moves away from the heart?

A

decrease in blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the central cavity of a blood vessel called?

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the endothelium?

A

a thin layer of epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the lumen of a blood vessel lined with?

A

a thin layer of epithelial cells called endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where do the arteries carry the blood and at what pressure?

A

away from the heart

at a high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what makes up the outer layer of an artery?

A

thick outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what makes up the inner layer of an artery?

A

smooth muscle with more elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the elastic walls of an artery do?

A

stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after each heart contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are small arteries called?

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can the smooth muscles in the walls of arterioles do and what does this allow for ?

A

contract or become relaxed depending on the body’s requirements

allows the changing demands of the tissues to be met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens during vasodilation, when and what does it allow for?

A

vasodilation occurs in arterioles leading to working muscles during strenuous exercise

allows an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles involved in the exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens during vasoconstriction, when and what does it allow for?

A

vasoconstriction occurs in arterioles leading to abdominal organs such as the small intestine during strenuous exercise

allows for reduced blood flow to these parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are small veins called?

A

venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is blood passed to from the arterioles and how?

A

arterioles –> venules

passes through a dense network of tiny microscopic capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the most numerous blood vessel in the body?

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are capillaries referred to as and why?

A

exchange vessels

all exchange of substances between blood and living tissues take place through their thin walls

19
Q

what are the thin walls of capillaries composed of and how thick are they?

A

epithelial cells

one cell thick

20
Q

where do veins carry blood?

A

back to the heart

21
Q

what differences are there between the walls of a vein and an artery and why?

A

veins have thinner muscular layer and layers of elastic fibres

because blood flows along a vein at low pressure

22
Q

how are the lumen of a vein different to an artery and what does this do?

A

veins have wider lumen

reduces resistance of the flow of blood to a minimum

23
Q

what is the purpose of valves in the veins?

A

prevent backflow of blood

24
Q

3 features of a red blood cell

A

biconcave shape

no nucleus

no nucleus to make room for haemoglobin

25
Q

4 things that make up blood

A

red blood cells

white blood cells

platelets

(^bathed in plasma)

26
Q

what is plasma and what 5 substances does it contain?

A

watery yellow fluid containing many dissolved substances

glucose

amino acids

respiratory gases

plasma protein

useful ions

27
Q

when is blood at a higher pressure than blood in the capillaries?

A

when blood arrives at the arteriole side of a capillary bed

28
Q

when is tissue fluid formed?

A

when blood is forced into narrow exchange vessels it undergoes a form of pressure filtration and much of the plasma is squeezed out through the thin walls

29
Q

how are tissue fluid and blood plasma different and why?

A

tissue fluid does not contain plasma proteins

because plasma proteins are too large to be filtered through the capillary walls

30
Q

why are all living cells constantly bathed in tissue fluid?

A

because the network of capillaries in a capillary bed is so dense that they are all close to a blood capillary

31
Q

how do nearby cells become supplied with their requirements?

A

nearby cells become supplied with their requirements due to tissue fluid containing a high concentration of soluble food molecules, dissolved oxygen and useful ions and diffuse down a concentration gradient into nearby cells

32
Q

what happens at the same time as nearby cells being supplied with their requirements?

A

co² and other metabolic wastes diffuse out of the cells into tissue fluid to be excreted

33
Q

where does much of tissue fluid return?

A

returns to the blood in the capillaries at the venule side of the capillary bed

34
Q

what brings about the return of tissue fluid and how?

A

osmosis

with water passing from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

35
Q

2 things that enter the bloodstream by diffusion

A

carbon dioxide

metabolic wastes

36
Q

where does the excess tissue fluid go that doesn’t return to the blood capillaries?

A

excess tissue fluid is absorbed by thin walled lymphatic vessels

37
Q

what do lymphatic vessels have and where are they located?

A

have blind ends

located in the connective tissue among living cells

38
Q

what is tissue fluid called once in a lymphatic vessel?

A

lymph

39
Q

how is lymph collected?

A

by a vast network of tiny lymph vessels which unite to form larger vessels

40
Q

what brings about the flow of lymph in the lymphatic system and how?

A

the vessels being periodically compressed

when muscles contract during breathing, locomotion and other body movements

41
Q

what do valves in larger lymph vessels do?

A

prevent backflow of lymph

42
Q

where do larger lymph vessels return their contents and how?

A

via two lymphatic ducts

enter the veins coming from the arms

43
Q

what is the lymphatic system regarded as and what are the 2 reasons why?

A

specialised part of the cardiovascular system

consists of lymph fluid that is derived from blood

consists of a system of vessels that return lymph to the bloodstream

unit 2 bio (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions