(24) Speech and Language Flashcards
communication through vocalized sounds that form spoken words or sentences
speech
distinct sounds made by the larynx
phonation
a distinct sound that contrasts with others (25 consonant and 17 vowel ones)
phoneme
disturbance of phonation causing alteration in volume
dysphonia
disturbance of articulation caused by impaired motor control resulting in slurring of speech
dysarthria
absence of phonation
mutism
disruption to motor pathways used in phonation results in
dysarthria
in the examination of speech, what are you looking for?
- volume
- rate
- articulation
loss of the ability for spoken and written language
aphasia
loss of the ability to read when no visual impairment exists
alexia
loss of the ability to write when no motor impairments exists
agraphia
language errors due to word or sounds substitution
paraphasia
sub in “fork” for “spoon”
semantic paraphasia
sub in one sound for another: “moon” for “spoon”
phonemic paraphasia
create of meaningless words: “woon” for “spoon”
neologism
tone, inflection, volume of words and sentences that add meaning to language
prosody
connects broca’s area to Wernike’s area
arculate fasciculus
What is the function of the non-dominant broca’s and wenicke’s
provide emotional color to language
problems producing speech (i.e. it is non-sensical) but normal comprehension
Broca’s aphagia
fluent (still non-sensical) speech and no comprehension
wernicke’s aphagia
normal production and comprehension of speech but have problems repeating words
conduction aphagia
95% right handed persons are ____ hemisphere dominant
left
Based on touch, can ID object in dominant hand but not non-dominant hand
split brain subject (when object is in dominant hand, sensory info is registered in dominant hemisphere where language area is found… but when it is in non-dominant hand, sensory info is on side opposite language area = cannot ID object)
in terms of language, what does the dominant hemisphere control?
lexical, syntax, writing, speech
in terms of language, what does the non-dominant hemisphere control
emotional coloring and rudimentary speech
What are the 6 components to language testing?
- expression (nml verbal output ~100-150 words/min)
- comprehension of spoken language
- repetition of words/phrases
- reading
- writing
- naming objects
lesion in brodmann’s areas 44 and 45 causes ____ aphasia
Broca’s
lesion in brodmann’s areas 22 causes ____ aphasia
Wernicke’s
lesion in supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus causes ____ aphasia
conduction
Where is the lesion in alexia without agraphia
left visual cortex and splenium of corpus callosum
