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Neurophys > (17) Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

(17) Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

putamen is seperated from the cuadate by the

A

internal capsule

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2
Q

function of the dorsal basal ganglia (or somatic basal ganglia)

A

movement control

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3
Q

function of the ventral (or limbic) basal ganglia

A

motivation, reward, and affect

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4
Q

the putamen is confluent with

A

the head of the caudate

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5
Q

what is at the rostral end of the tail of the caudate

A

amygdaloid nucleus

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6
Q

what is the midbrain continuation of the internal capsule

A

cerebral peduncle

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7
Q

what areas of the basal ganglia recieve axons from the substantia nigra to form DA terminals

A

head and tail of caudate and putamen

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8
Q

specifically, what part of the substantia nigra contains the DA neurons

A

pars compacta

**pars reticulata is just a network of neurons

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9
Q

the subthalamic nucleus is found above ___ and below ___

A

above the cerebral peduncle and below the thalamus

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10
Q

What are the 2 main types of neurons in the basal ganglia and what type predominates?

A 
A and SN or aspiny and spiny neurons
spiny predominate (95%)
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11
Q

major difference between spiny and aspiny neruons

A

spiny have a long axon that leaves the basal ganglia while aspiny have a short axon that do not

spiny = projection neurons
aspiny = local circuit neurons
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12
Q

All spiny neurons use the NT…

A

GABA

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13
Q

How are the different subtypes of spiny neurons distinguished + 2 examples

A

type of neuropeptide they make

  • ENK
  • Substance P
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14
Q

ENK spiny neurons project to…

A

external GP

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15
Q

substance P spiny neurons project to

A

internal GP, para compacta > reticulata of the SN

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16
Q

where are subtance P and ENK spiny neurons intermingled

A

putamen and caudate

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17
Q

DA receptor type for ENK neurons

A

D2

18
Q

DA receptor type for Substance P neurons

A

D1

19
Q

function of striato-GPe

A

inhibit movement that conflicts with desired movement

**ENK

20
Q

function of striato-GPi

A

promite limb movement

**SP

21
Q

function of striato-SNr

A

promote eye movement

**SP

22
Q

function of striato-SNc

A

regulate DA neurons

**SP

23
Q

interneurons that are impervious to Huntington;s

A

somatostatin interneurons (and Cholinergic, and Calretinergic) = NOT paravalbuminergic

24
Q

larger internurons

A

cholinergic and parvalbuminergic

25
Q

What is the main NT for cholinergic interneurons

A

Ach

26
Q

What is the main NT for parvalbuminergic interneurons

A

GABA

27
Q

What is the main NT for somatostainergic interneurons

A

GABA and NO

28
Q

What is the main NT for calretinergic interneurons

A

GABA

29
Q

function of cholinergic interneurons

A

modulates peripheral nerves and opposes DA action

30
Q

function od parvalbuminergic interneurons

A

inhibits peripheral nerves and sharpens activity

31
Q

if there is insufficient DA (as in Parkinsons) inc or dec activity of cholinergic interneurons would help alleviate symptoms. why?

A

decrease bc cholinergic interneurons already oppose DA

32
Q

major neuron type in the globus pallidus

A

aspiny

33
Q

how are the dendrites of the aspiny neurons arranged in the globus pallidus?

A

in a vertical plane of the GP

34
Q

the GPe projects neurons to

A

subthalamic nucleius

35
Q

the GPi projects neurons to

A

ventral anterior and lateral nucleus of the thalamus

36
Q

What part of the cortex does the VL project to?

A

motor cortex (4)

37
Q

What part of the cortex does the VA project to

A

premotor (6)

38
Q

What are the 3 major imputs to the putamen/caudate?

A
  1. cortex
  2. intralaminar thalamus
  3. SNc
39
Q

corticostriatal neurons reside in layer ___ of the cortex

A

5

40
Q

Where on the spiny neuron does the cerebral cortex neurons synpase and what NT is used

A

tip via glutamate

41
Q

Where on the spiny neuron does the SN neurons synpase and what NT is used

A

sides via DA

42
Q

look at sildes 30-33

A

I was too tired to continue

Neurophys (22 decks)

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