(23B) Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Limbic System: Emotion and Cognition

Question 1

3 main functions of amygdaloid nuclei

Answer 1

control of emotions
autonomic control
olfaction

Question 2

Where is the amygdala found

Answer 2

temporal lobe anterior to hippocampus

Question 3

What are the 3 main groups of amygdaloid nuclei and what are the functions they control

Answer 3

corticomedial: olfaction
central: output to hypothalamus and brainstem; autonomic control, arousal, and subjective experience

basolateral: receives input from sensory assc cortex, thal, hypothal, with output to CENTRAL NUCLEUS
* *integrates emotional and social behavior

Question 4

Main neuron types in central nuclei? basolateral?

Answer 4

central = medium spiny GABA + DA containing axons

basolaterlal = pyramidal and glutaminergic

Question 5

What are the 4 signs/symptoms of bilateral amygdala lesions

Answer 5

1. hypersexulaity
2. orality
3. tame, placid (have no fear)
4. feedign disorders (BL = eating a lot; CN = not eating)

Question 6

hyper sexual, overly oral, tame, HYPERPHAGIA, hyperactive, and PSYCHIC BLINDNESS

Answer 6

anterior temporal lobe defect = Kulver-Bucy Syndrome

Question 7

the amygdala, especially basolateral, is thought to be the executor of what emotion

Answer 7

fear

Question 8

integrates emotional behabvior and sensory inputs

Answer 8

basolateral amygdala

Question 9

important for emotional component of learning and memories

Answer 9

basolateral amygdala

Question 10

the collected axons of hippocampal pyramidal cells

Answer 10

alveus which continue on as the fimbria which becomes the fornix

Question 11

What are the 4 main parts of the hippocampal formation

-name predominant cell type in each

Answer 11

entorhinal cortex
-pyramidal

subiculum
-pyramidal

dentate gyrus
-granule cells

CA fields
-pyramidal

Question 12

What is the tri-synaptic circuit of the hippocamus

Answer 12

ERC → perforant path to → dentate gyrus→ mossy fibers to → CA3 → Schaffer collaterals → CA1

Question 13

what is alvear path

Answer 13

ERC directly to CA1

Question 14

both CA3 and CA1 project to … via …

Answer 14

septal nuclei and contralateral hippocampus via commissural fibers

Question 15

almost all inputs to the hippocampal formation come via … and almost all the outputs are via …

Answer 15

inputs = ERC (from cortex, thal, and brainstem)

outputs = subiculum (to cortex)

Question 16

bc of the presence of excitatory neurons and their interconnections the hippocampal formation is highly susceptible to

Answer 16

seizures

Question 17

the loss of hippocampal neurons is the basis for ___ in ____ disease

Answer 17

memory loss in alzheimers

Question 18

is available to the concious mind and the material is generally encoded in language

Answer 18

declarative memory

Question 19

what structures are important to forming declarative memories

Answer 19

hippocampal formation

Question 20

memories that are not available to the conscious mind

Answer 20

implicit

Question 21

the process whereby subjects show improved performance on tasks for which they have been subconsciously prepared

Answer 21

priming

Question 22

structure that is important for formation of implicit memories

Answer 22

basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 23

where are long term memores stored?

Answer 23

neocortex

**hippocampus may be needed to recall them

Question 24

damage to what structures will result in memory defecits

Answer 24

hippocampus, midline thalamic and hypothalamic structures (mamillary bodies and fornix)