(2) Cellular Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Nissil stain identifies what organelles and what part of the neuron

Answer 1

RER = cell body and dendrites

Question 2

site of action potential initiation

Answer 2

axon initial segment

Question 3

the major branches of the axons are called

Answer 3

collaterals

Question 4

sensory neurons are what type

Answer 4

pseudo unipolar

Question 5

local circuit interneurons are what type

Answer 5

bipolar (i.e. have 2 primary processes–1 with dendrites and 1 with the axon)

Question 6

motor neurons are what types

Answer 6

multipolar

Question 7

What are golgi type 1 neurons

Answer 7

projection neurons that send its axon to other areas of the brian

Question 8

What are golgi type 2 neurons

Answer 8

local circuit neurons that do not send its axon to other areas of the brain

Question 9

most excitatory synapses are formed on ____

Answer 9

dendritic spines = axodendritic

Question 10

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

Ach at nicotinic

Answer 10

excitatory

Question 11

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

Ach at muscarinic

Answer 11

modulatory

Question 12

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

GABA at GABA-b

Answer 12

modulatory

Question 13

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

GABA at GABA-a

Answer 13

inhibitory

Question 14

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

DA

Answer 14

modulatory

Question 15

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

glutamate

Answer 15

excitatory

Question 16

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

glycine

Answer 16

inhibitory

Question 17

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

NE

Answer 17

modulatory

Question 18

is the following NT excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory:

serotonin

Answer 18

modulatory

Question 19

Gray’s type 1 vs type 2 synapses

Answer 19

1 = excitatory, found on dendrites, and are asymmetric (= pronounced postsynaptic density)

2= inhibitory, found on somas, and pre and post synaptic densities are symmetric

Question 20

What does an electrical synpase look like

Answer 20

pre and post synaptic membrane are very close and connected via tight junctions
**bidirectional!! (chemical synapses are uni)

Question 21

describe the structure of a tight junction

Answer 21

connexons form channel. each connexon is formed from 6 connexins

Question 22

kinesin moves vesicles (antero or retrograde)

Answer 22

anterograde

Question 23

dynein moves vesicles (antero or retrograde)

Answer 23

retrograde

Question 24

these cells function as atrocytes in the PNS

Answer 24

satellite cells

Question 25

cells that maintain ionic concentrations for optimal neuronal function

Answer 25

astrocytes

Question 26

cells that facilitate angiogeneisis and synaptogenesis

Answer 26

astrocytes

Question 27

what type of astrocytes are found in white matter?

Answer 27

fibrous, these have vascular feet

Question 28

type of epithelium that ependymal cells form

Answer 28

cuboidal to simple columnar