2.4 Reproduction in plants Flashcards
These higher plants belong to a group of gymnosperms known as _.
conifers
T/F
Most conifers have narrow, needle shaped leaves with thin cuticle, which enable them to live in extremely cold and hot environments.
False, they have thick cuticles
Most conifers have narrow, needle shaped leaves with thick cuticle, which enable them to live in _ and _ environments.
extremely cold and hot
_ are evergreen and do not shade their leaves both in winter and summer.
Conifers
T/F
Conifers are evergreen and they shed their leaves both in winter and summer.
False, they don’t shed their leaves
Podocarpus falcatus (“_“)
Zigba
Juniperus procera (“_”)
Tid
T/F
A pine tree has male and female cones on different plants.
False, they are on one plant
Initially, pollen is transferred from the _ cone to the _ cone.
male, female
Define pollination.
It’s the process by which pollen is transferred from the male cone to the female cone.
Initially, pollen is transferred from the male cone to the female cone. The process is called _ and occurs with the help of _.
pollination, wind
Following pollination, the pollen completes its _.
germination
Following _, the pollen completes its germination.
pollination
Following pollination, the pollen completes its germination and produces the _ inside the _.
male gamete, female cone
The _ is also produced in the female cone.
female gamete
The male and female gametes fuse (unite) and form a _.
zygote
Define fertilization.
It is the process by which the male and female gametes fuse (join) to for a zygote (fertilized egg).
A zygote develops into a _ inside the female cone.
seed embryo
A zygote develops into a seed embryo inside the _.
female cone
After the seed is matured, the seed embryo is liberated upon _ and _ of the female cone.
drying and opening
T/F
Then the seed will be dispersed or scattered close to the parent plant and germinates into a seedling (young pine plant) upon getting favorable conditions.
False, it is scattered away from the parent plant.
_ is the reproductive organ of angiosperms, plants with seeds covered by or contained in a fruit.
A flower
A typical flower has four floral parts, namely:
Sepals, Petals, Stamen, and Pistil.
_ – usually green leaf-like structure protecting the lower part of female and male parts
Sepals
_ – mostly brightly colored and attract pollinating agents like insects
Petals
_ – usually green leaf-like structure protecting the
lower part of female and male parts.
Calyx
_ – mostly brightly colored and attract pollinating
agents like insects
Corolla
_ - is the male part, consisting of the filament and bilobed anther
Stamen
_ – is the female part, consisting of the
ovary with ovules, style and stigma.
Pistil
_ – is the male part, consisting of the filament and bilobed anther
Androecium
_ – is the female part, consisting of the ovary with ovules, style and stigma.
Gynoecium or carpel
A complete flower has _ floral parts.
four
A flower is called _ if it does not have any one of the floral parts.
incomplete flower
A perfect flower has both _ and _.
stamen and pistil
If a flower does not have either stamen or pistil, it is known as _.
imperfect flower
An imperfect flower is either _ (has pistil and no stamen) flower.
pistilated
An imperfect flower is either _ (has stamen but no pistil) flower.
staminated
T/F
An incomplete flower is an imperfect flower, but an imperfect flower may or may not be an incomplete flower.
False, it’s all the other way around. An imperfect flower is an incomplete flower, but an incomplete flower may or may not be an imperfect flower.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the _ of a stamen to the _ of the pistil.
anther, stigma
Pollination can be between stamen and pistil on one flower or between flowers on one plant (_)
Self Pollination
Pollination can be between two flowers on different plants (_).
cross-pollination
Pollination requires pollinating agents such as _ or _.
insects or wind
T/F
There is a strong relationship between the nature of the flower and the pollinating agents
True
Following pollination, a flowering plant passes through distinct stages:
Pollen tube formation
Fertilization
Seed and fruit formation
Seed dispersal
Seed dormancy /Seed germination
Pollen grains landing on the stigma will form pollen tubes that grow down in the style and form the male gamete as it approaches the _.
ovule
_ is the union of the male gamete and the female gamete, occurring in the _ within the _.
Fertilization
ovule, ovary
As a result of fertilization, a _ that develops into a seed embryo will be formed.
zygote
Following fertilization and formation of seed embryo, the ovule matures into _ while the ovary matures into a _.
seed, fruit
_ is a mechanism of scattering seeds around or away from the parent plant.
Seed dispersal
Seed dispersal like pollination requires agents such as _ or_.
animals or wind.
The fate of a seed landing at a certain place will be either _ or _.
dormancy, germination
A _ seed is inactive and waiting for the favorable condition to start germination.
dormant
If there is enough water and nutrients the seed will break dormancy and the seed embryo starts to develop into a seedling (Young and new plant). This process is called _.
seed germination
