2.4 Protein Flashcards
How many different types of amino acid?
20
What are long chains of amino acids known as?
Polypeptides.
How is a dipeptide formed?
By a condensation reaction to form a dipeptide and water. Hydrolysis does the opposite.
Primary structure.
Order of the amino acid structure.
Secondary structures.
Where they either fold into alpha helices (coil) or beta pleated sheets
Tertiary structure.
The overall 3d structure. (determined by side chains)
Quaternary structure.
when there are more than one polypeptide chain.
Denaturing.
When the proteins overall structure is changed and so there is a loss in the proteins properties.
What can denature a protein?
Temperature and pH
How does a gene sequence form a polypeptide sequence?
Through transcription and translation.
What is the proteome?
All of the proteins expressed in a cell, tissue or organism at a certain time.
Spider silk and collagen. (structure)
Fiber spun by spiders and used to make webs and component of the tissue in animals.
Insulin and glucagon (hormones)
proteins produced by pancreas triggers a reduction in glucose levels and protein produced by pancreas that triggers an increase in glucose levels.
Immunoglobin (immunity)
Antibodies produced that are able to bind to specific antigens.
Rhodopsin
A pigment in the retina that detects light.
