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Anatomy and Physiology > 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential To Human Functioning > Flashcards

2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential To Human Functioning Flashcards

1
Q

most important constituent of the body

A

water

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2
Q

water constitutes _____ of the body’s weight

A

two-thirds

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3
Q

Properties of water

A
  1. Compatible with life
  2. Polarity
  3. Solubility
  4. Lubrication
  5. Reactivity
  6. High heat capacity
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4
Q

water is held together by what type of bond

A

Polar covalent bond

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5
Q

weak attractive force

A

hydrogen bond

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6
Q

Water molecules exhibits what?

A

cohesion and adhesion

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7
Q

Differentiate cohesion and adhesion

A

cohesion - they stick to each other
adhesion - they stick to other polar molecules

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8
Q

the hydrogen bonds between water molecules slow the rate of evaporation and create the phenomenon known as

A

surface tension

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9
Q

acts as a barrier that keeps small objects from entering the water

A

surface tension

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10
Q

homogenous mixture of two or more substances

A

solution

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11
Q

The medium in which other atoms, ions, or molecules are dispersed is called the

A

solvent

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12
Q

dispersed particles

A

solutes

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13
Q

ability to absorb and retain heat

A

heat capacity

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14
Q

The temperature of water must be _____ before individual molecules have enough energy
to break free to become water vapor, a gas.

a. high
b. low

A

a. high

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15
Q

A large mass of water changes temperature very slowly. This property is called

A

thermal inertia

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16
Q

A water molecule is said to be ____ because it has a positive and negative pole due to the unequal sharing of electrons in its covalent bonds.

a. polar
b. non polar

A

a. polar

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17
Q

The sheath of water molecules around an ion in solution is called a

A

hydration sphere

18
Q

Molecules that interact readily with water are called

A

hydrophilic

19
Q

When nonpolar molecules are mixed in water, hydrations spheres do not form and the molecules do not dissolve in the water. These molecules are said to be

A

hydrophobic

20
Q

Differentiate hydrophobic and hydrophilic

A

Hydrophobic- water fearing
Hydrophilic- water loving

21
Q

Soluble inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution are called

A

electrolytes

22
Q

which of the following is not an electrolyte

a. sodium
b. chloride
c. carbon
d. potassium

A

c. carbon

23
Q

A solution containing dispersed proteins or other large molecules

A

colloid

24
Q

contains even larger particles that will, if undisturbed, settle out of solution due to the forces of gravity

A

suspension

25
Q

The hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids is measured on the

A

pH scale

26
Q

are biological compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when placed in solution

A

acids

27
Q

is acid a proton donor or acceptor?

A

proton donor

28
Q

pH level of acid

A

1 - 6.9

29
Q

are biological compounds that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when placed in solution

A

bases

30
Q

is base a proton donor or acceptor

A

acceptor

31
Q

pH level of bases

A

7.1 - 14

32
Q

are biological compounds that release equal numbers of H+ and OH- when placed in solution.

A

neutral

33
Q

acid releases _____ and bases releases ____

A

acid - H^+
bases - OH^-

34
Q

electrolytes that release cations other than H+ and anions other than OH-

A

Salts

35
Q

Example of salt

A

NaCl

36
Q

true or false

Since salts do no release either H+ or OH- ions, it can be measured on the pH scale.

A

false

37
Q

are biological substances that counter shifts in the pH by releasing hydrogen ions when their concentrations are too low

A

buffers

38
Q

normal pH of blood

A

7.35- 7.45

39
Q

occurs when pH drops below 7.35

A

acidosis

40
Q

occurs when pH rises above 7.45.

A

alkalosis

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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