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Anatomy and Physiology > 2.1 Elements And Atoms > Flashcards

2.1 Elements And Atoms Flashcards

1
Q

science that studies the structure of matter

A

chemistry

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2
Q

anything that takes up space and has mass.

A

matter

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3
Q

-amount of material in matter

A

mass

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4
Q

-a physical property that determines the weight of an
object in Earth’s gravitational field.

A

mass

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5
Q

true or false

in orbit you would be
weightless, but your mass would remain unchanged

A

true

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6
Q

true or false

the mass and weight are not always equivalent

A

true

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7
Q

3 states of matter

A

solid
liquid
gas

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8
Q

-maintain their volume and their shape in ordinary temperatures and pressures.

A

solids

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9
Q

-possess particles that are held tightly together and are typically the densest of the three states

a. liquid
b. solid
c. gas

A

b. solid

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10
Q

-maintain a constant volume but have no fixed shape.

  • their shape is determined by the shape of its container
A

liquid

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11
Q

The particles of this state of matter are loosely held together and are typically less dense than solids.

a. liquid
b. solid
c. gas

A

a. liquid

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12
Q

-do not maintain a constant volume or fixed shape
-can be compressed or expanded

A

gas

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13
Q

the particles are independent of each other and therefore result in the least dense state

a. liquid
b. solid
c. gas

A

c. gas

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14
Q

Matter is composed of one or more types of substances called

A

elements

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15
Q

how many are the naturally occurring elements?

A

92

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16
Q

approximately 96% of the human body is created by what elements?

A

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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17
Q

percentage of oxygen in the body

A

65%

18
Q

percentage of carbon in the body

A

18.6%

19
Q

percentage of hydrogen in the body

A

9.7 %

20
Q

percentage of nitrogen in the body

A

3.2%

21
Q

principle elements in the body

A

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur
Iron
Iodine
Trace elements

22
Q

The human body also contains 14 other elements in very small amounts. These are known as

A

trace elements

23
Q

smallest indivisible unit of an element and are therefore the smallest stable units of matter

A

atom

24
Q

3 subatomic particles

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

25
Q

subatomic particle that possesses a positive electrical charge and has a high mass and low energy.

A

protons

26
Q

an electrically neutral subatomic particle that has a high mass and low energy.

A

neutrons

27
Q

-subatomic particle that possesses a negative electrical charge
-they have low mass but high energy.

A

electrons

28
Q

-lies at the center of an atom
- contains one or more protons and it may contain neutrons as well.

A

nucleus

29
Q

The electrons of the atoms whirl rapidly around the nucleus, creating an

A

electron cloud

30
Q

Electrons are often shown in a fixed orbit around the nucleus called an

A

electron shell

31
Q

outermost shell of an atom is called the

A

valence shell

32
Q

a pure substance consisting only of one type of atom.

A

element

33
Q

abbreviation of an element that is recognized by scientists

A

chemical symbol

34
Q

true or false

Elements are listed in the periodic chart in order of their atomic number

A

true

35
Q

-defines the number of protons in the atom.

A

atomic number

36
Q

possess the same number of protons and electrons

A

neutral atoms

37
Q

atoms that possess a charge

A

ions

38
Q

differentiate cation and anion

A

cation- donor; positively charged atoms created by the loss of one or more electrons

anion- receiver; negatively charged atoms created by the gaining of one or more electrons.

39
Q

total number of protons and neutrons.

A

mass number

40
Q

Atoms whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

41
Q

-actual mass of an atom
- is an average mass number that reflects the proportion of different isotopes

A

atomic weight

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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