2.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Question 1

Name 10 components on an animal cell. (11 marks)

Answer 1

1.Cell membrane
2.Ribosomes
3.Nucleolus
4.Mitochondria
5.Nucleus
6.Cytoplasm
7.RER
8.SER
9.Golgi apparatus
10.Vesicles
11.Lysosome
12.Cytoskeleton

Question 2

What is the role of the nucleus? (1 mark)

Answer 2

Contains genetic information in the form of DNA molecules.

Question 3

What is the role of the nucleolus? (1 mark)

Answer 3

Area within the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes.

Question 4

What is the role of mitochondria? (1 mark)

Answer 4

Where respiration takes place.

Question 5

Describe the structure of a mitochondrian. (2 marks)

Answer 5

The inner membrane is highly folded and forms cristae.
The fluid interior is called the matrix.

Question 6

What is the role of vesicles? (1 mark)

Answer 6

Membranous sacs that have storage and transport roles.

Question 7

What is a lysosome? (1 mark)

Answer 7

A specialised form of vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 8

What 3 components is the cytoskeleton made up of? (3 marks)

Answer 8

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibres

Question 9

What is the role of the cytoskeleton? (2 marks)

Answer 9

Holds organelles in place.
Controls cell movement and movement of organelles.

Question 10

What does RER stand for? (1 mark)

Answer 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

What does SER stand for? (1 mark)

Answer 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 12

What is the role of the RER? (1 mark)

Answer 12

Synthesis and transport of proteins.

Question 13

What is the role of the SER? (1 mark)

Answer 13

Synthesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates.

Question 14

What is the role of ribosomes? (1 mark)

Answer 14

The site of protein synthesis.

Question 15

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus? (1 mark)

Answer 15

Modifies and packages proteins into vesicles.

Question 16

Describe how proteins are produced. (5 marks)

Answer 16

1. Synthesised I’m ribosomes on the RER.
2. Pass into it’s cisternae (inside of the main bit) and packaged into transport vesicles.
3. The vesicles move toward the Golgi apparatus via the cytoskeleton
4. Vesicles fuse with Golgi apparatus and the proteins enter.
5. Secretory vesicles carry proteins toward cell-surface membrane.
6. Exocytosis

Question 17

What is the structure of a flagella or cilia on a eukaryotic cell? (1 mark)

Answer 17

9 + 2 arrangement

Question 18

Where does the energy that rotates the filament that forms a flagella come from, in a eukaryotic cell? (1 mark)

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

What is the cell wall of fungi made of? (1 mark)

Answer 19

Chitin