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Z Biology: Module 2 > 2.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure > Flashcards

2.4 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 10 components on an animal cell. (11 marks)

A

1.Cell membrane
2.Ribosomes
3.Nucleolus
4.Mitochondria
5.Nucleus
6.Cytoplasm
7.RER
8.SER
9.Golgi apparatus
10.Vesicles
11.Lysosome
12.Cytoskeleton

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2
Q

What is the role of the nucleus? (1 mark)

A

Contains genetic information in the form of DNA molecules.

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3
Q

What is the role of the nucleolus? (1 mark)

A

Area within the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes.

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4
Q

What is the role of mitochondria? (1 mark)

A

Where respiration takes place.

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5
Q

Describe the structure of a mitochondrian. (2 marks)

A

The inner membrane is highly folded and forms cristae.
The fluid interior is called the matrix.

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6
Q

What is the role of vesicles? (1 mark)

A

Membranous sacs that have storage and transport roles.

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7
Q

What is a lysosome? (1 mark)

A

A specialised form of vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes.

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8
Q

What 3 components is the cytoskeleton made up of? (3 marks)

A

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibres

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9
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton? (2 marks)

A

Holds organelles in place.
Controls cell movement and movement of organelles.

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10
Q

What does RER stand for? (1 mark)

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

What does SER stand for? (1 mark)

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

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12
Q

What is the role of the RER? (1 mark)

A

Synthesis and transport of proteins.

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13
Q

What is the role of the SER? (1 mark)

A

Synthesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates.

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14
Q

What is the role of ribosomes? (1 mark)

A

The site of protein synthesis.

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15
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus? (1 mark)

A

Modifies and packages proteins into vesicles.

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16
Q

Describe how proteins are produced. (5 marks)

A
  1. Synthesised I’m ribosomes on the RER.
  2. Pass into it’s cisternae (inside of the main bit) and packaged into transport vesicles.
  3. The vesicles move toward the Golgi apparatus via the cytoskeleton
  4. Vesicles fuse with Golgi apparatus and the proteins enter.
  5. Secretory vesicles carry proteins toward cell-surface membrane.
  6. Exocytosis
17
Q

What is the structure of a flagella or cilia on a eukaryotic cell? (1 mark)

A

9 + 2 arrangement

18
Q

Where does the energy that rotates the filament that forms a flagella come from, in a eukaryotic cell? (1 mark)

A

ATP

19
Q

What is the cell wall of fungi made of? (1 mark)

A

Chitin

Z Biology: Module 2 (28 decks)

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