2.3.1 Theories of Crime- Psychoanalytical Flashcards
Who was the key theorist behind the Psychoanalytical perspective and when was it most popular?
Sigmund Freud, 1890-1930
According to freud, personality was based on:
unconscious, psychosexual development.
The ID is
First structure of personality to appear.
Completely unconscious
Concerned: gratification of our unconscious instincts (pleasure principle) Including:
- Thanatos (aggression)
- eros (sex)
The Ego is:
Second structure of personality to appear.
Exists in both conscious and unconscious.
Acts as a referee between the ID and superego (reality principle)
The Superego is:
Last structure of personality to appear.
Mostly unconscious.
Represents quest for moral perfection.
What do the stages of psychosexual development suggest?
your personality is the unique combination of your fixations. (continuum)
Birth- 2 years old
Oral Stage
Define the oral stage of psychosexual development.
emphasis on the mouth. Sucking and chewing.
Oral incorprative= sucking
Oral aggresive= chewing
What does Oral incorporative refer to and what are it’s associated traits?
Sucking.
Gullibility and dependance.
What does oral aggressive mean refer to and what are it’s associated traits?
Chewing.
sarcasm, cynicism, exploitation and dominance of others.
2-3 years development
Anal stage
Define the anal stage of psychosexual development.
Emphasis is on the conflict associated with defecation and social rules.
Anal aggressive and Anal retentive.
Anal Agressive traits
cruelty, hostillity, destructiveness.
Anal Retentive traits
Punctuality, extreme cleanliness.
or
Messiness, stinginess and obstinance.
4-5 years old
Phallic stage.
Define the phallic stage.
emphasis is on the genital area and is characterised by the Oedipal and Electra complexes.
Electra complex
Use of “femanine wiles” to control men
Oedipal complex
Brashness, ambitiousness and a tendancy to continually assert their masculinity.
6- Puberty
Latency stage
Define the Latency stage of psychosexual development.
a “resting” period for personality development in which unconscious instinct lays dormant.
Puberty onwards
Genital Stage
Define the Genital stage of psychosexual development.
the various fixations are displayed through behaviour.
a person with no fixation is a person who…
is only and souly satisfied with heterosexual sez with a single spouse and only in the missonary position.
Basis of personality according to Freud is
how on’es unconscious childhood and psychosexual development combine to determine their psychological make-up and subsequent behaviour.
Oral Stage
Birth- 2 years old
Phallic stage
2-3 years development
Phallic stage.
4-5 years old
Latency stage
6- Puberty
Genital Stage
Puberty onwards
Cause of Criminal Behaviour According to Freud is
a combination of fixations leading to a personality type that is conducive to engaging in offending behaviours.
Alterring criminal behaviour according to freud
can only be accomplished through intensive individual therapeutic intervention.
