2.3.1 Theories of Crime- Psychoanalytical

Question 1

Who was the key theorist behind the Psychoanalytical perspective and when was it most popular?

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud, 1890-1930

Question 2

According to freud, personality was based on:

Answer 2

unconscious, psychosexual development.

Question 3

The ID is

Answer 3

First structure of personality to appear.

Completely unconscious

Concerned: gratification of our unconscious instincts (pleasure principle) Including:

• Thanatos (aggression)
• eros (sex)

Question 4

The Ego is:

Answer 4

Second structure of personality to appear.

Exists in both conscious and unconscious.

Acts as a referee between the ID and superego (reality principle)

Question 5

The Superego is:

Answer 5

Last structure of personality to appear.

Mostly unconscious.

Represents quest for moral perfection.

Question 6

What do the stages of psychosexual development suggest?

Answer 6

your personality is the unique combination of your fixations. (continuum)

Question 7

Birth- 2 years old

Answer 7

Oral Stage

Question 8

Define the oral stage of psychosexual development.

Answer 8

emphasis on the mouth. Sucking and chewing.

Oral incorprative= sucking

Oral aggresive= chewing

Question 9

What does Oral incorporative refer to and what are it’s associated traits?

Answer 9

Sucking.

Gullibility and dependance.

Question 10

What does oral aggressive mean refer to and what are it’s associated traits?

Answer 10

Chewing.

sarcasm, cynicism, exploitation and dominance of others.

Question 11

2-3 years development

Answer 11

Anal stage

Question 12

Define the anal stage of psychosexual development.

Answer 12

Emphasis is on the conflict associated with defecation and social rules.

Anal aggressive and Anal retentive.

Question 13

Anal Agressive traits

Answer 13

cruelty, hostillity, destructiveness.

Question 14

Anal Retentive traits

Answer 14

Punctuality, extreme cleanliness.

or

Messiness, stinginess and obstinance.

Question 15

4-5 years old

Answer 15

Phallic stage.

Question 16

Define the phallic stage.

Answer 16

emphasis is on the genital area and is characterised by the Oedipal and Electra complexes.

Question 17

Electra complex

Answer 17

Use of “femanine wiles” to control men

Question 18

Oedipal complex

Answer 18

Brashness, ambitiousness and a tendancy to continually assert their masculinity.

Question 19

6- Puberty

Answer 19

Latency stage

Question 20

Define the Latency stage of psychosexual development.

Answer 20

a “resting” period for personality development in which unconscious instinct lays dormant.

Question 21

Puberty onwards

Answer 21

Genital Stage

Question 22

Define the Genital stage of psychosexual development.

Answer 22

the various fixations are displayed through behaviour.

Question 23

a person with no fixation is a person who…

Answer 23

is only and souly satisfied with heterosexual sez with a single spouse and only in the missonary position.

Question 24

Basis of personality according to Freud is

Answer 24

how on’es unconscious childhood and psychosexual development combine to determine their psychological make-up and subsequent behaviour.

Question 25

Oral Stage

Answer 25

Birth- 2 years old

Question 26

Phallic stage

Answer 26

2-3 years development

Question 27

Phallic stage.

Answer 27

4-5 years old

Question 28

Latency stage

Answer 28

6- Puberty

Question 29

Genital Stage

Answer 29

Puberty onwards

Question 30

Cause of Criminal Behaviour According to Freud is

Answer 30

a combination of fixations leading to a personality type that is conducive to engaging in offending behaviours.

Question 31

Alterring criminal behaviour according to freud

Answer 31

can only be accomplished through intensive individual therapeutic intervention.