2.3 Study Guide Flashcards
In Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model, in what ways do the birth and death rates change? How do these changes affect population growth rate during this stage?
During Stage 2, birth rate remains about the same while death rate decreases swiftly and greatly. These changes (or lack thereof) cause the population growth rate to rapidly increase during the stage.
Stages 1 and 4 of the DT Model both have population growths with little to no change. What is it about their birth and death rates that differentiates them?
While both stages have population growths with little to no change, Stage 1’s birth and death rates are about equally high while Stage 4’s birth and death rates are about equally low.
What happens in Stage 3 of the DT Model that causes population growth rate do slow down its increase? Name both reasons.
During Stage 3, death rate begins to stabilize instead of decreasing more while birth rate begins to decrease instead of remaining stable. This causes the rapid increase in population growth rate to steadily slow down.
Which stage of the DT Model are most developed countries in? Which stages are most developing countries in?
Most developed countries have gone through most of the possible demographic transition and are in Stage 4 of the DT Model. Most developing countries, on the other hand, have not advanced as far and are in Stages 2 and 3.
How does a country’s GDP per Capita typically change as it develops? Why might this be?
As a country develops, it typically will see a direct increase in its GDP per Capita. This is likely because more developed countries have more advanced technologies and more educated populations, allowing for the production of more numerous and more valuable products by more qualified workers.
What are some effects of development in countries that are detrimental to the environment?
Possible Answers: Increase in CO2 emissions; Increase in freshwater usage; Increase in average ecological footprint per person
What are some effects of development in countries that are beneficial for citizens?
Possible Answers: Increase in life expectancy; Decrease in infant mortality rate; Increase in literacy rate; and Decrease in percent of population that cannot afford a healthy diet
In Age Structures, what age ranges are represented by the Pre-Reproductive Age, Reproductive Age, and Post-Reproductive Age Cohorts respectively? Would a higher Pre-Reproductive population translate to higher or lower population growth rate? Why?
The Pre-Reproductive Age (Pre-Rep.) Cohort represents individuals ages 0-14 years. The Reproductive Age (Rep.) Cohort represents individuals ages 15-44 years. The Post-Reproductive Age (Post-Rep.) Cohort represents individuals ages 45+. A higher Pre-Rep. population would translate to higher population growth rate because it would mean, as time passes, that the Rep. population would increase and, in turn, create more and more new individuals than before.
A population pyramid shows an increase in percent of population moving from the oldest cohorts to the youngest until the 20-24-year-old cohort, after which it consistently decreases. Explain what shape (roughly) this pyramid would appear as as well as what kind of population growth it would represent and why.
This population pyramid would be roughly in a diamond/kite shape. It would represent a negative population growth because there would be fewer people per 5-year-cohort in the Pre-Reproductive Age Cohort than in the Reproductive Age Cohort. This would mean that the current Rep. Cohort would be creating fewer individuals than the Rep. Cohort (generation) before it, which would cause the birth rate to decrease and the death rate to remain the same, which would in turn cause the growth rate to decrease.
Mozambique, Columbia, and the USA are, according to the DT Model, Stage 2, 3, and 4 countries respectively in terms of development. In 2020, they also had CO2 emissions of 6,945.5, 79,057.6, and 4,320,532.5 kilotons respectively. Using this information, write a claim about how development affects the pollution release of a country and support it.
General Structure: Claim - The more developed a country is, the more pollution (or specifically CO2 or greenhouse gases) it releases; Evidence - Given Information; Analysis - Comparing values of CO2 emissions with stage of demographic transition. Reasoning + Conclusion - CO2 damages the environment through global warming and climate change and, since higher stage and thus more developed countries released more CO2 in 2020 than less developed countries, development translates to a higher release of pollution and/or CO2 and more damage caused to the environment.
