5.2 Study Guide Flashcards
Organize Ionic, Polar Covalent, and Non-Polar Covalent Bonds in order of lowest to highest difference in electronegativity between atoms/ions.
Lowest: Non-Polar Covalent
Middle: Polar Covalent
Highest: Ionic
True or False: In Ionic Bonds, ions completely share electrons.
False. In Ionic Bonds, ions do not share electrons at all. They share electrons completely in Non-Polar Covalent bonds.
Explain the difference between Polar and Non-Polar Covalent Bonds.
Polar Covalent Bonds are formed between atoms with a severe enough inequality in electronegativity that they become partially charged due to one atom almost completely taking an electron from the other (but not quite). Non-Polar Covalent Bonds are formed between atoms with similar enough electronegativity that both remain in their regular neutral forms and share their electron pairs.
Given an atom of Selenium and an atom of Iodine, predict what type of bond will be formed between the two and explain why.
A Non-Polar Covalent Bond will likely be formed between the two atoms because they are both nonmetals with almost equal electronegativity, which means they will exert nearly equal force on shared electron pairs and remain neutrally charged.
Given an atom of Phosphorus and an atom of Potassium, predict what type of bond will be formed between the two and explain why.
An Ionic Bond will likely be formed because Phosphorus and Potassium are a nonmetal and metal respectively, making them more likely to exchange electrons, and because the two atoms’ electronegativities are so different.
Given an atom of Oxygen and an atom of Silicon, predict what type of bond will be formed between the two and explain why.
While an Ionic Bond could be formed between the two atoms, it is also likely that a Polar Covalent Bond will form because both atoms are nonmetals, meaning they are both generally inclined to take electrons from other atoms, and because their large difference in electronegativity will cause the oxygen atom to mostly take the silicon atom’s electrons and partially charge both atoms.
How does electronegativity play a part in determining what type of bond two atoms will create?
Two atoms’ differences in electronegativity represent the differences in attractive force their nuclei apply to electrons. This translates, in bonding, to atoms sharing electrons and forming Covalent Bonds if their electronegativities are similar enough or one atom taking another’s electron(s) and forming an Ionic Bond if their electronegativities are different enough.