2.3 Stereochemistry Flashcards
1
Q
isomer
A
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
2
Q
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
A
isomer
3
Q
structural isomer
A
occurs when atoms are bonded together in a different order in each isomer
4
Q
Structural isomer
A
occurs when atoms are bonded together in a different order in each isomer
5
Q
occurs when atoms are bonded together in a different order in each isomer
A
structural isomers
6
Q
stereoisomer
A
- occur when the order of the bonding in the atoms is the same but the spatial arrangement of the atoms is different in each isomer
- two categories: geometric and optical
7
Q
- occur when the order of the bonding in the atoms is the same but the spatial arrangement of the atoms is different in each isomer
- two categories: geometric and optical
A
stereoisomer
8
Q
geometric isomer
A
- can occur when there is a restricted rotation around a C=C or a C-C in a cyclic compound
- must have two different groups attached to each carbon atom that make up the bond with restricted rotation
- the substituent groups are on the same side (cis) or different sides (trans) of the bond with restricted rotation
- have differences in physical properties, such as MP and BP
- can have differences in chemical properties
9
Q
- can occur when there is a restricted rotation around a C=C or a C-C in a cyclic compound
- must have two different groups attached to each carbon atom that make up the bond with restricted rotation
- the substituent groups are on the same side (cis) or different sides (trans) of the bond with restricted rotation
- have differences in physical properties, such as MP and BP
- can have differences in chemical properties
A
geometric isomers
10
Q
optical isomer
A
- occurs in compounds in which different groups are arranged tetrahedrally around a central C atom (chiral carbon chiral centre)
- are asymmetrical
- are non superimposable mirror images of eachother
- can be described ad enantiomers
- have identical physical properties, except for their effect on plane-polarised light
- have identical chemical properties, except when in a chiral environment such as that found in biological systems (only one optical isomer is usually present)
- rotate plane-polarised light by the sane amount but in opposite directions and so are optically active
- when mixed in equal amounts are optically inactive because the rotational effects of the plane-polarised light cancels out - this is called a racemic mixture
11
Q
- occurs in compounds in which different groups are arranged tetrahedrally around a central C atom (chiral carbon chiral centre)
- are asymmetrical
- are non superimposable mirror images of eachother
- can be described ad enantiomers
- have identical physical properties, except for their effect on plane-polarised light
- have identical chemical properties, except when in a chiral environment such as that found in biological systems (only one optical isomer is usually present)
- rotate plane-polarised light by the sane amount but in opposite directions and so are optically active
- when mixed in equal amounts are optically inactive because the rotational effects of the plane-polarised light cancels out - this is called a racemic mixture
A
optical isomers
