1.3 Covalent Bonding

Question 1

shape of beryllium chloride

Answer 1

linear

Question 2

shape of H2O

Answer 2

bent

Question 3

shape of boron trifluoride

Answer 3

triognal planar

Question 4

electron pair repulsion theory

Answer 4

electron pairs are negatively charged and repel each other so are arranged to minimise repulsion and maximise separation

Question 5

dative covalent bond

Answer 5

when an atom supplies both electrons in the formation of a covalent bond

Question 6

when an atom supplies both electrons in the formation of a covalent bond

Answer 6

dative covalent bond

Question 7

bonding pair of electrons

Answer 7

two electrons shared in a covalent bond

Question 8

lone pair

Answer 8

held closer to the central atom, so they have a greater repulsion than bonding pairs

Question 9

held closer to the central atom, so they have a greater repulsion than bonding pairs

Answer 9

lone pair

Question 10

repulsion continuum

Answer 10

LP-LP greatest repulsion → LP-BP → BP-BP weakest repulsion

Question 11

bonding/lone pair equation

Answer 11

electron pairs = (Number of electrons of the central atom + number of atoms attached) /2

Question 12

2 BPs:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 12

• electron pairs: linear
• molecule shape: linear
• angle: 180
• shape: Be-Cl-Be

Question 13

3 BPs:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 13

• electron pairs: trigonal planar
• molecule shape: trigonal planar
• angle: 120
• shape: pictured

Question 14

4 BPs:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 14

• electron pairs: tetrahedral
• molecule shape: tetrahedral
• angle: 109.5
• shape: pictured

Question 15

5 BPs:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 15

• electron pairs: trigonal bipyramidal
• molecule shape: trigonal bipyramidal
• angle: 90, 120, 180
• shape: pictured

Question 16

6 BPs:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 16

• electron pairs: octahedral
• molecule shape: octahedral
• angle: 90
• shape: pictured

Question 17

2 BPs 2 LPs:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 17

• electron pairs: tetrahedral
• molecule shape: bent angular
• angle: 104.5
• shape: pictured

Question 18

3 BPs 1 LP:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 18

• electron pairs: tetrahedral
• molecule shape: trigonal pyramidal
• angle: 107
• shape: pictured

Question 19

4 BPs 2 LP:

• electron pair arrangement
• molecule shape
• angle in degrees
• shape

Answer 19

• electron pairs: octahedral
• molecule shape: square planar
• angle: 90
• shape: pictured

Question 20

bond angle for lone paired atoms equation

Answer 20

109 - (2.5 x number of lone pairs)

Question 21

what do to do electron number when there is a negative ion

Answer 21

add an electron

Question 22

what do to do electron number when there is a positive ion

Answer 22

remove an electron

Question 23

bond angle of BF3

Answer 23

90

Question 24

shape of NH4^+

Answer 24

molecule is tetrahedral, electron pairs are tetrahedral

Question 25

shape of NH3

Answer 25

molecule is pyramidal, electron pairs are tetrahedral

Question 26

shape of AlH4^-

Answer 26

molecule is tetrahedral, electron pairs are tetrahedral

Question 27

shape of SF6

Answer 27

molecule is octahedral, electron pairs are octahedral

Question 28

shape of BF3

Answer 28

molecule is trigonal planar, electron pairs are trigonal planar

Question 29

shape of BeCl2

Answer 29

molecule is linear, electron pairs are linear

Question 30

shape of IF4^-

Answer 30

molecule is square planar, electron pairs are octahedral