23: Renal Things 2

Question 1

symp innervation levels for GU tract, upper ureter, and lower ureter

Answer 1

1. GU tract: T10-L2
2. upper ureters: T10-T11
3. lower ureters: T12-L2

Question 2

kidney chapman points

Answer 2

1 inch lateral + superior to ubilicus

Question 3

ureters chapman points

Answer 3

none

Question 4

bladder chapman points

Answer 4

umbilicus

Question 5

parasymp innervation of upper ureters, lower ureters, and bladder

Answer 5

1. upper ureters: OA, AA, Vagus
2. lower ureters: S2-S4 (sacrum)
3. bladder: S2-S4 (sacrum)

Question 6

how is urea formed in the blood?

Answer 6

Amino acid breakdown -> NH3 -> liver makes urea from NH3

Question 7

Creatinine

Answer 7

waste from muscles

Question 8

azotemia vs uremia

Answer 8

azotemia: asx elevated BUN
uremia: symptomatic elevated BUN

Question 9

symptoms of uremia

Answer 9

N/V, confusion, malaise, fatigue

Question 10

squamous cells in UA is most likely what?

Answer 10

dirty catch

Question 11

FeNa <1% vs >2%

Answer 11

<1%: tubules intact and able to concentrate urine -> pre-renal azotemia
>2%: tubules damaged -> ATN or other

Question 12

what is renal US good at seeing?

Answer 12

hydronephrosis and atrophy (not good for stones)

Question 13

gold standard for kidney imaging

Answer 13

non contrast CT abd/pelvis

Question 14

why is contrast CT not as good for stones

Answer 14

less sensitivity for stones