22: Renal Things Flashcards
where is prostate pain located?
in the perineum, radiation to lower back or inguinal canal area
bladder pain location
low back
where is the pain from chronic urinary retention
painless
where is the pain from acute urinary retension
suprapubic pain
nocturia
voiding more than 1x per night
what infection is likely if pH of urine is 8+?
Proteus mirabilis (or another urea-splitting organism)
what to do if any values on dipstick are positive**
further eval with urine microscopy, gram stain, and culture
pyuria
WBCs 5+ / high-power field
three things that lead to getting a bladder US
- urine casts
- painless hematuria
- obstruction or incontinence symptoms
what amount of urine in bladder in a post-void residual bladder US is abnormal?
200+ mL
cystoscopy
scope that goes through urethra into bladder -> looks at bladder wall
three indications to do a cystoscopy
- unexplained hematuria
- BPH
- bladder stones
phimosis
penile conditions where foreskin doesnt retract over theglans
initial testing for any urinary/renal symptoms**
urine dipstick
lifestyle mods for BPH
- limit fluids before bedtime
- limit mild diuretics like alcohol and caffeine
- avoid constipation
- kegels
- timed voiding
protocol for a pt with hematuria without immediate explanation
follow up required - may indicated serious pathology
bladder anterior and posterior chapman points
- anterior: immediately around belly button, on pubic symphysis
- posterior: superior edge of L2 transverse process
urethra anterior and posterior chapman points
- anterior: anterior pubic symphysis
2. posterior: superior edge of L2 transverse process (same as bladder)
what do parasymps vs symps trigger in the urinary system
- parasymps: nl ureteral peristalsis, bladder constraction, sphincter relaxation
- symps: ureter spasms, bladder relaxation, sphincter contraction
