2.3 Leadership and management

Question 1

Manager

Answer 1

Responsible for setting objectives, organising resources and motivating staff so that the organisation’s aims are met

Question 2

Key functions of a manager according to Henri Fayol

Answer 2

Setting objectives and planning

Organising resources to meet the objectives

Directing and motivating staff

Coordinating activities

Controlling and measuring performance against targets

Question 3

Managers have 3 major tasks/roles:

Answer 3

Interpersonal roles - dealing with and motivating staff at all levels of the organisation

Informational roles - acting as a sources, receiver and transmitter of information

Decisional roles - taking decision and allocating resources to meet the organisation’s objectives

Question 4

Interpersonal

Answer 4

Figurehead - symbolic leader of the organisation

Leader - Motivating subordinates and selecting and training other staff

Liaison - Linking with managers and leaders of tother divisions and other organisations

Question 5

Informational

Answer 5

Monitor - Collecting data relevant to the business’s operations

Disseminator - Sending information collected from external and internal sources to the relevant people within the organisation

Spokesperson - Communicating information about the organisation

Question 6

Decisional

Answer 6

Entrepreneur - looking for new opportunities to develop the business

Disturbance handler - responding to chains situations the my put the business. Taking responsibility when threatening facts develop

Resource allocator - deciding on the allocation of the organisation’s financial, hum nada other resources

Negotiator - representing the organisation in all important negotiations

Question 7

Leadership

Answer 7

Motivating

Innovators

Stems from personal qualities or traits

Natural abilities and instincts

Believes in doing the right thing

Respected and trusted by followers

Question 8

Management

Answer 8

Directing and monitoring others

Problem solvers

Official position

Skilled and qualified to perform role

Believes in doing things right

listened to by others because of stature

Question 9

What makes a good leader?

Answer 9

A desire to succeed, self confidence

Ability to think beyond the obvious

Multitalented enabling them to understand discussions about a wide range of issues

Incisive mind

Question 10

Autocratic leadership

Answer 10

A style of leadership that keeps all decision making at the centre of the organisation

Question 11

Paternalistic leadership

Answer 11

A type of fatherly style typically used by dominant males where their power is used to control and protect subordinate employees who are expected to be loyal and obedient

Question 12

Democratic leadership

Answer 12

A leadership style that promotes the active participation of workers in taking decisions

Question 13

Laissez faire leadership

Answer 13

A leadership style that leaves much of the business decision making to the workforce - a hands off approach

Question 14

Situational leadership

Answer 14

Effective leadership varies with the task in hand and situational leaders adapt their leadership style to each situational

Question 15

Drawbacks of autocratic

Answer 15

Demotivates staff who want to contribute and accept responsibility

Decisions do not benefit from employee input

Question 16

Drawbacks of paternalistic

Answer 16

Low staff motivation if loyal connection to leader is not made

Increasing dependency of employees on threader, leading to more supervision required

Employee dissatisfaction if bad decisions are made

Question 17

Drawbacks democratic

Answer 17

Consultation with staff can be time consuming

On occasions, quick decision making will be required

Level of involvement - some issues are too sensitive eg job loss

Question 18

Drawbacks laissez faire

Answer 18

Workers may not appreciate the lack of structure and direction in their work - loss of security

Lack of feedback

Question 19

Drawback of situational

Answer 19

Varying the style of leadership may be difficult for some works to accept and may become uncertain how they will be led

Question 20

Features of autocratic

Answer 20

Leader takes all decision

Gives little information to staff

Supervises workers closely Only one way communication

Workers only given limited information about the business

Question 21

Features of democratic

Answer 21

Participation encouraged

Two way communication use, which allows feedback from staff

Workers given information about the business to allow full staff involvement

Question 22

Features of laissez faire

Answer 22

Managers delegate virtually all authority and decision-making powers

Very broad criteria or limits might be established for the staff to work within

Question 23

Features of paternalistic

Answer 23

Strong ‘father-like’ figure takes key decisions but in interests of employees

Some feedback and consultation encouraged - but not participative decision making

Question 24

Features of situational

Answer 24

Style of leadership used will depend on the nature of the task and the work groups skill and willingness to accept responsibility

Question 25

Indicators of ethical leadership

Answer 25

The ability to ignore personal interests for the sake of the organisation, employees and the community

Willingness to encourage and consider seriously feedback

Encouragement of leadership in others

Consider ethics